Smart meter data, privacy status, inferred behaviour data, and regulatory safeguards

SPENCER JONES made this Official Information request to Privacy Commissioner

Response to this request is long overdue. By law Privacy Commissioner should have responded by now (details and exceptions). The requester can complain to the Ombudsman.

From: SPENCER JONES

Dear Privacy Commissioner,

Smart meter data, privacy status, inferred behaviour data, and regulatory safeguards

Kia ora,

Under the Official Information Act 1982, I request the following information from 1 January 2015 to the present concerning smart meter data, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and privacy governance in New Zealand.

Please provide:
1. Any internal briefings, legal analyses, issue papers, or correspondence concerning whether smart meter data may constitute personal information under the Privacy Act 2020.
2. Any records concerning privacy risks associated with:
• granular electricity consumption data,
• occupancy pattern inference,
• behavioural profiling,
• data sharing,
• secondary use,
• retention,
• or downstream analytics involving smart meter data.
3. Any inter-agency correspondence with MBIE, the Electricity Authority, Ministry of Health, Health NZ, ESR, or electricity retailers/distributors concerning privacy issues associated with smart meter or AMI data.
4. Any complaints trend summaries, enquiry summaries, anonymised issue notes, or guidance development documents relating to smart meter data or electricity-sector metering information.
5. Any draft or final guidance concerning consent, transparency, minimisation, access, correction, retention, disclosure, or safeguards in relation to smart meter data.
6. Any records considering whether existing privacy law adequately addresses inferred information generated from metering data, even where the raw data itself may appear technical or operational in nature.

If any part of this request is more closely connected with another agency, please transfer that part under section 14.

Kind regards,

Spencer Jones

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From: OIA
Privacy Commissioner


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Tēnā koe Mr Jones

 

This is to acknowledge receipt of both your recent  FYI.org.nz OIA
requests.  Can we clarify with you that your second request, namely the
one below, replaces your first request dated 9 March?  This second request
appears to largely cover the same matters as your first request, but over
a longer time period.

 

We would appreciate your early clarification.

 

 

Aku mihi

 

OIA team

 

Office of the Privacy Commissioner  Te Mana Mātāpono Matatapu
PO Box 10094, Wellington 6140

privacy.org.nz 

 

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Please treat the contents of this message as private and confidential.
Thank you.

 

 

-----Original Message-----
From: SPENCER JONES <[FOI #34078 email]>
Sent: Friday, 13 March 2026 8:04 pm
To: OIA <[Privacy Commissioner request email]>
Subject: Official Information request - Smart meter data, privacy status,
inferred behaviour data, and regulatory safeguards

 

Dear Privacy Commissioner,

 

Smart meter data, privacy status, inferred behaviour data, and regulatory
safeguards

 

Kia ora,

 

Under the Official Information Act 1982, I request the following
information from 1 January 2015 to the present concerning smart meter
data, advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), and privacy governance in
New Zealand.

 

Please provide:

            1.         Any internal briefings, legal analyses, issue
papers, or correspondence concerning whether smart meter data may
constitute personal information under the Privacy Act 2020.

            2.         Any records concerning privacy risks associated
with:

            •           granular electricity consumption data,

            •           occupancy pattern inference,

            •           behavioural profiling,

            •           data sharing,

            •           secondary use,

            •           retention,

            •           or downstream analytics involving smart meter
data.

            3.         Any inter-agency correspondence with MBIE, the
Electricity Authority, Ministry of Health, Health NZ, ESR, or electricity
retailers/distributors concerning privacy issues associated with smart
meter or AMI data.

            4.         Any complaints trend summaries, enquiry summaries,
anonymised issue notes, or guidance development documents relating to
smart meter data or electricity-sector metering information.

            5.         Any draft or final guidance concerning consent,
transparency, minimisation, access, correction, retention, disclosure, or
safeguards in relation to smart meter data.

            6.         Any records considering whether existing privacy
law adequately addresses inferred information generated from metering
data, even where the raw data itself may appear technical or operational
in nature.

 

If any part of this request is more closely connected with another agency,
please transfer that part under section 14.

 

Kind regards,

 

Spencer Jones

 

-------------------------------------------------------------------

 

This is an Official Information request made via the FYI website.

 

Please use this email address for all replies to this request:

[4][FOI #34078 email]

 

Is [5][Privacy Commissioner request email] the wrong address for Official Information
requests to Privacy Commissioner? If so, please contact us using this
form:

[6]https://fyi.org.nz/change_request/new?bo...

 

Disclaimer: This message and any reply that you make will be published on
the internet. Our privacy and copyright policies:

[7]https://fyi.org.nz/help/officers

 

If you find this service useful as an Official Information officer, please
ask your web manager to link to us from your organisation's OIA or LGOIMA
page.

 

 

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SPENCER JONES left an annotation ()

Public Annotation – OPC Clarification Request (Overlapping OIA Requests)

This correspondence from the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) does not constitute a substantive response to the information requested. Instead, it is a procedural clarification request regarding the relationship between two OIA requests submitted via FYI.org.nz.

The OPC has asked whether a second request replaces an earlier request, noting that the later request appears to cover similar subject matter but over a broader timeframe.

Key observations:

1. Procedural Status – Request Not Yet Determined
This response indicates that the request is currently in a clarification phase. It has not been:
• granted
• refused
• transferred
• or formally extended

Processing is effectively paused pending clarification from the requester.

2. Overlap Identification by Agency
The OPC has identified that:
• the second request overlaps with the first request
• the second request appears broader in temporal scope

This suggests that the agency is attempting to:
• consolidate workload
• avoid duplication of effort
• ensure clarity of scope before proceeding

3. Implications for Timeframes
Under the Official Information Act 1982, agencies may seek clarification where requests are unclear or overlapping.

Where clarification is required:
• the statutory timeframe may be paused or reset upon clarification
• delays at this stage are procedural rather than substantive

4. Strategic Interpretation
This type of response is common where:
• multiple related requests are submitted in close succession
• requests evolve in scope during an ongoing inquiry
• agencies are attempting to manage cumulative request burden

It does not indicate that the request is problematic or likely to be refused.

5. Research and Investigation Implications
For researchers and investigators, this exchange highlights:
• the importance of clearly defining whether follow-up requests replace or supplement earlier requests
• how agencies interpret overlapping requests administratively
• the need to maintain clarity of scope across iterative OIA strategies

6. Recommended Approach for Requesters
To progress the request efficiently, clarification should:
• explicitly confirm whether the second request replaces or supplements the first
• clearly define the intended timeframe and scope
• minimise ambiguity to avoid further procedural delays

7. System-Level Observation
This interaction reflects a broader pattern in OIA practice:
• agencies prioritise clarity and manageability of requests before substantive processing
• overlapping or iterative requests are often consolidated where possible

While procedural in nature, these exchanges can affect:
• response timelines
• scope of information ultimately released

This annotation is intended to assist future readers in understanding the procedural stage of the request and the role of clarification in OIA processing.

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From: SPENCER JONES

Dear OIA,

Tēnā koutou,

Thank you for your email.

To clarify, my second request does not replace my earlier request dated 6 March 2026.

It is intended to supplement and expand the earlier request in light of subsequent responses received, including by extending the timeframe and refining the focus on privacy status, inferred behavioural data, and regulatory safeguards.

Please therefore treat both requests as active. To the extent they overlap, you may process them together for efficiency, but I do not withdraw or replace the earlier request.

Yours sincerely,

Spencer Jones

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SPENCER JONES left an annotation ()

Public Annotation – Clarification of Dual OIA Requests (Smart Meter Privacy, Consent, and Governance)

This annotation clarifies the relationship between two Official Information Act (OIA) requests submitted to the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) in March 2026 concerning smart meter data, privacy status, inferred behavioural data, and regulatory oversight.

The OPC has asked whether the second request replaces the first. This annotation confirms that the second request supplements and extends the first, rather than replacing it.

1. Structure of the Two Requests

The requests should be understood as a staged investigative approach:

• Request 1 (6 March 2026):
Focus: Smart meter data, privacy governance, consent, complaints, and regulatory oversight
Timeframe: From 1 January 2020 onwards

• Request 2 (13 March 2026):
Focus: Privacy status of smart meter data, inferred behavioural data, profiling, and regulatory safeguards
Timeframe: From 1 January 2015 onwards

The second request expands both:
• the timeframe (extending back to 2015), and
• the analytical focus (specifically targeting whether smart meter data constitutes personal information and supports behavioural inference or profiling)

2. Why the Requests Are Complementary

The first request establishes the governance and complaint-handling framework.

The second request deepens the inquiry into:
• the legal classification of smart meter data under the Privacy Act 2020
• whether behavioural patterns can be inferred from such data
• how consent and safeguards are applied in practice

Together, the requests form a layered investigation:
• governance → classification → safeguards → oversight

3. Research Value for Followers

For those following this thread, the dual-request structure is important because it:

• prevents premature narrowing of scope
• allows comparison between recent governance practices (post-2020) and earlier regulatory development (from 2015)
• enables identification of shifts in policy, interpretation, or enforcement over time

4. Link to Wider OIA Work (Cross-Thread Context)

This request should be read alongside related OIA threads concerning smart meters, EMF exposure, and regulatory responsibility:

• Smart meter RF/EMF public health assessment and inter-agency correspondence:
https://fyi.org.nz/request/34077-smart-m...

• Executive allocation of responsibility for smart meter RF oversight:
https://fyi.org.nz/request/33836-executi...

• Scientific advice or reviews concerning RF exposure (ESR / MoH transfer context):
https://fyi.org.nz/request/33832-scienti...

These threads collectively examine:
• public health risk assessment (RF/EMF)
• regulatory responsibility allocation
• scientific advisory pathways
• and now, privacy classification and consent governance

5. Governance Insight Emerging

Across these linked requests, a broader pattern is being examined:

• technical systems (smart meters) generate granular usage data
• multiple agencies hold partial responsibility (health, energy, privacy, science)
• but no single, clearly defined governance framework appears to integrate:
– public health risk
– privacy classification
– consent mechanisms
– and oversight accountability

6. Why the OPC Request Matters

The OPC sits at a critical junction in this ecosystem because it determines:

• whether smart meter data is considered “personal information”
• whether inferred behavioural patterns fall within privacy protections
• whether consent mechanisms are adequate
• how complaints are assessed and escalated

This request therefore targets the legal and regulatory foundation of data use, rather than the technical system itself.

7. OIA Strategy Note for Future Researchers

This dual-request approach reflects a common investigative method:

• initial request establishes governance structure
• follow-up request expands scope and tests legal interpretation
• both are retained to preserve evidential completeness

Where agencies seek to consolidate or narrow requests, clarification is important to maintain the full investigative framework.

---

This annotation is provided to assist followers, researchers, and investigators in understanding the structure, intent, and broader context of these requests within ongoing examination of smart meter governance in New Zealand.

Link to this

From: OIA
Privacy Commissioner


Attachment image001.jpg
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Attachment 2026 04 15 OIA response.pdf
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Tçnâ koe

 

 

Please find attached the Privacy Commissioner’s response to your official
information request.

 

 

Aku mihi

 

Sharyn Leonard

Executive Assistant (Legal) | Kaiâwhina Mâtâmua – Ture

 

Office of the Privacy Commissioner  Te Mana Mâtâpono Matatapu
PO Box 10094, Wellington 6140

privacy.org.nz 

 

[1][IMG]

Privacy is about protecting personal information, yours and others. To
find out how, and to stay informed, [2]subscribe to our newsletter. Have a
privacy question? [3]AskUs

 

Caution: If you have received this message in error please notify the
sender immediately and delete this message along with any attachments.
Please treat the contents of this message as private and confidential.
Thank you.

 

 

References

Visible links
1. https://www.privacy.org.nz/resources-and...
2. http://privacy.org.nz/subscribe/
3. http://www.privacy.org.nz/ask

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SPENCER JONES left an annotation ()

Annotation: Regulatory Scope and Record Availability – Smart Meter Privacy

This response confirms that the Office of the Privacy Commissioner:
• recognises that smart meter data may constitute personal information when linked to an individual,
• acknowledges that such data can reveal detailed patterns of behaviour and lifestyle,
• has engaged historically on smart meter privacy issues through case notes and submissions.

However, the response also indicates that:
• no records are held assessing whether existing privacy law adequately addresses inferred or behavioural information derived from smart meter data, and
• inter-agency correspondence and internal analyses are not available due to statutory secrecy obligations.

This suggests that while privacy risks are recognised at a conceptual level, there is limited accessible evidence of:
• ongoing regulatory analysis,
• system-level governance of inferred data risks, or
• coordinated inter-agency oversight.

The response therefore appears to reflect a distinction between:
• acknowledged privacy implications, and
• the availability of operational or analytical records addressing those implications.

Link to this

From: SPENCER JONES

To: Office of the Privacy Commissioner

Subject: Official Information Act Request – Smart Meter Data, Inferred Information, and Regulatory Scope (Refinement)

Dear Privacy Commissioner,

I refer to your response dated 15 April 2026 (Ref: OIA/0523), in which my request regarding smart meter data, inferred behavioural information, and privacy governance was partially granted and partially refused.

I am now refining my request to focus on information that can be provided without engaging statutory secrecy obligations under section 206 of the Privacy Act, and to clarify areas where information was stated as not held.

1. Clarification of “Not Held” (Section 18(e))

You advised that certain information is not held, including material relating to:

- inferred or behavioural information derived from smart meter data,
- adequacy of existing privacy law in relation to such inferred data.

To clarify the scope of this position, please confirm:

(a) Whether the Office of the Privacy Commissioner has undertaken any internal consideration, discussion, or informal analysis of:

- inferred behavioural data derived from smart meter or AMI data,
- occupancy pattern inference or lifestyle profiling risks,
- adequacy of current privacy law in addressing inferred or derived data.

(b) If such consideration has occurred but is not formally recorded, please confirm whether:

- no records were created, or
- any such records have been disposed of in accordance with an approved disposal authority.

2. De-identified / High-Level Information (Secrecy-Neutral Scope)

To avoid issues under section 206 of the Privacy Act, I request:

(a) Any high-level summaries, guidance notes, or general descriptions (excluding identifying details) of:

- privacy risks associated with smart meter data,
- inferred or derived information risks,
- behavioural or occupancy inference concerns.

(b) Any de-identified descriptions of issues or themes arising from:

- complaints,
- enquiries, or
- internal discussions.

3. Inter-Agency Engagement (Structure Only)

Without requesting the content of correspondence, please provide:

(a) A list of agencies with which the OPC has engaged on smart meter or AMI privacy issues since 2015, including:

- MBIE
- Electricity Authority
- Ministry of Health
- ESR
- Electricity retailers or distributors

(b) For each agency, please indicate (if available):

- whether engagement was ongoing, ad hoc, or consultation-based,
- the general purpose of engagement (e.g. policy input, guidance, complaint handling).

4. Regulatory Scope and Responsibility

Please provide any documents, or confirm whether any exist, that describe:

- the OPC’s role in overseeing privacy risks associated with inferred or derived data (including smart meter data),
- whether responsibility for such risks is shared with, or sits primarily with, other agencies.

If no such documents exist, please confirm whether:

- this area is considered within OPC’s regulatory scope, and
- how such issues are expected to be addressed in practice.

5. Duty to Assist

If any part of this request remains likely to be refused, I request assistance under section 13 of the Official Information Act to:

- refine the request, or
- identify a form in which the information can be provided.

6. Format

I am happy to receive information in summary or descriptive form where appropriate.

Thank you for your assistance.

Kind regards,
Spencer Jones

Link to this

From: OIA
Privacy Commissioner


Attachment image001.jpg
100K Download

Attachment 2026 05 13 official information response.pdf
238K Download View as HTML


Tçnâ koe

 

Please find attached the Privacy Commissioner’s response to your official
information response.

 

 

Aku mihi

 

Sharyn Leonard

Executive Assistant (Legal) | Kaiâwhina Mâtâmua – Ture

 

Office of the Privacy Commissioner  Te Mana Mâtâpono Matatapu
PO Box 10094, Wellington 6140

privacy.org.nz 

 

[1][IMG]

Privacy is about protecting personal information, yours and others. To
find out how, and to stay informed, [2]subscribe to our newsletter. Have a
privacy question? [3]AskUs

 

Caution: If you have received this message in error please notify the
sender immediately and delete this message along with any attachments.
Please treat the contents of this message as private and confidential.
Thank you.

 

 

References

Visible links
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2. http://privacy.org.nz/subscribe/
3. http://www.privacy.org.nz/ask

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