Briefing: Updated draft Cabinet Paper: Afforestation on
Crown-owned Land
Date submitted: 18 October 2024
Tracking numbers:
Ministry for the Environment: BRF-5453
Ministry for Primary Industries: B24-0644
Sub Security level: CLASSIFICATION
MfE priority: Urgent
Actions sought from Ministers
Name and position
Action sought
Response by
To Hon Simon WATTS
Minister of Climate Change
Provide feedback to of icials
21 Oct 2024
Hon Todd MCCLAY
Minister of Forestry
Actions for Minister’s office staff
Return the signed briefing to the relevant Ministry
Forward to the offices of the Ministers of Land Information and Conservation
Appendices and attachments
Appendix One: Draft Cabinet paper
Appendix Two: Desktop analysis of Crown land worth further investigating for afforestation – A3
9(2)(g)(i)
Key contacts
Position
Name
Cell phone
First contact
Ministry of the Environment
Responsible Manager
Kara Lok
9(2)(a)
General Manager
Mark Vink
021 176 2243
Ministry for Primary Industries Responsible Manager
Sam Phillips
9(2)(a)
Director
Alastair Cameron
Note: Appendix 2 is withheld in full under section 9(2)(g)(i) of the Act
Minister’s comments
Updated draft Cabinet Paper: Afforestation on Crown-
owned Land
Recommendations
We recommend that you:
a.
Provide feedback on the updated draft Cabinet paper by 21 October.
Yes | No
b.
Provide feedback on how the cabinet paper should include indicative abatement scenarios
showing the contribution of afforestation on Crown land towards meeting the net zero 2050 target.
Yes | No
c.
Note that of icials will provide a redrafted Cabinet paper to al ow you to begin Ministerial
consultation on 23 October.
Yes | No
d. Note that we aim to provide a final paper to be lodged on 31 October (to align with the lodgement
of the final second Emissions Reduction Plan).
Yes | No
e. Forward this briefing and appendices to the Ministers of Land Information and Conservation.
Yes | No
Updated draft Cabinet Paper: Afforestation on Crown-
owned Land
Purpose
1.
This briefing attaches a Cabinet paper ‘Afforestation on Crown-owned land’ which has been
redrafted following your meeting with the Minister of Finance on Monday 30 September. [BRF-
5408 B24-0612]
2.
The redrafted Cabinet paper seeks agreement to:
2.1. in principle, make DOC and LINZ land available for public/private afforestation
partnerships, to secure a mix of commercial and public benefits;
2.2. run 9(2)(g)(i)
process to test the partner interest, and the
commercial and other conditions they are likely to require to invest in afforestation on
Crown-owned land; and
2.3. invite Ministers to report back to Cabinet 9(2)(f)(iv) on: the conditions under which
land would be made available to partners; the process by which land wil be offered,
appropriate delivery models, and any legislative changes required to fully realise these
opportunities.
3.
9(2)(g)(i)
4.
We seek your feedback on the redrafted Cabinet paper by 21 October, so we can provide an
updated copy for you to start Ministerial consultation on 23 October.
9(2)(g)(i)
5.
9(2)(g)(i)
6.1. 9(2)(g)(i)
7.
9(2)(g)(i)
9.
In addition, 390,000 hectares of the potentially available land is held by leaseholders and
administered by LINZ under the Crown Pastoral Land Act 1998. Even with legislative changes
to enable afforestation, Crown pastoral leaseholders have rights of exclusive possession and
perpetual renewal and thus, would retain decision rights on whether and how to afforest this
land.
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
Future work: 9(2)(g)(i)
19. As directed following your meeting with the Minister of Finance, officials have updated the
Cabinet paper to seek agreement to run an 9(2)(g)(i)
20. This understanding wil inform a report back to Cabinet on the matters discussed in the next
section.
Future work fol owing the 9(2)(g)(i)
21. Following this 9(2)(g)(i) Ministers wil need to work through and provide direction to officials on a
variety of issues.
Conditions on any land offered for private afforestation
22. The Cabinet paper highlights that the Crown wil impose conditions on which land would be
made available such as requirements to plant certain species, manage forests in specified
ways and the extent to which new forestry can be registered in the ETS. For example, much of
the land is in or adjacent to South Island High Country. This may require any planting in pine to
be with sterile plants to prevent exacerbating wilding pine issues.
23. You may want to offer dif erent packages of conditions, targeting dif erent types of land and
forests, to achieve different sub-sets of objectives (such as a commercial package and public
good package). Officials can provide further advice on this, including considering how existing
legislation and processes deliver this.
24. The draft Cabinet Paper seeks agreement for you, with the Ministers of Conservation and Land
Information, to report back 9(2)(f)(iv) on the policy parameters and conditions under which
land will be made available, the process by which land wil be offered, appropriate delivery
model, and any legislative changes required to realise these opportunities.
Delivery vehicles
25. As directed, the Cabinet paper has been updated to show there are a range of potential
delivery vehicles for the proposed Crown-private sector afforestation partnerships.
26. The range of potential options we have initially identified includes:
26.1. An existing department (for example, Crown Forestry within MPI/Te Uru Rākau, or
Kānoa within MBIE);
26.2. An existing Crown entity;
26.3. An existing Crown company;
26.4. A new Crown company (either a Crown entity company or a Public Finance Act
Schedule 4A company).
27. 9(2)(g)(i)
28. 9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(f)(iv), 9(2)(j)
Next steps
32. We request your feedback on the attached draft Cabinet paper by 21 October.
33. We wil provide you with a redrafted Cabinet paper by 23 October to enable you to forward it to
your colleagues, the Minister for Conservation and the Minister for Land Information and begin
Ministerial consultation.
34. For the paper to be considered by ECO on the 6 November alongside the ERP2 Cabinet paper,
a truncated Ministerial consultation period wil be required, ending on 29 October 2024 to allow
lodgement on 31 October.
35. After incorporating any changes you would like on following Ministerial consultation, we will
provide you with an amended version for lodgement on 31 October 2024 (to align with the
lodgement of the final ERP2).
36. Once we have Cabinet approval to proceed, Officials can provide advice and seek your
direction on the forward work programme to progress this proposal.
Signatures
Sam Buckle
Julie Collins
Deputy Secretary
Deputy Director General
Ministry for the Environment
Ministry for Primary Industries
18 October 2024
18 October 2024
Hon Simon WATTS
Hon Todd MCCLAY
Minister of Climate Change
Minister of Forestry
Date:
Date:
Appendix One: Draft Cabinet Paper: Afforestation on
Crown Land
CLASSIFICATION
Office of the Minister of Climate Change and the Minister of Forestry
ECO - Cabinet Economic Policy Committee
Afforestation on Crown-owned land
Proposal
1.
This paper seeks agreement to:
1.1
In principle, make DOC and LINZ land available for public/private afforestation
partnerships, to secure a mix of commercial and public benefits
1.2
Run 9(2)(g)(i)
1.3
Invite Ministers to report back 9(2)(f)(iv)
to seek Cabinet agreement on:
the conditions under which land would be made available to partners; the
process by which land wil be offered, appropriate delivery models, and any
legislative changes required to fully realise these opportunities
Relation to government priorities
2.
This proposal relates to the National Party manifesto commitment to “Partner with the
private sector to plant trees including opportunities for native afforestation on Crown
land (excluding National Parks) that is unsuitable for farming and has low conservation
value”. This was also a key action signalled in the second emissions reduction plan
(ERP2) discussion document.
Executive summary
3.
The Crown is a significant landholder in New Zealand, including land that could be
identified as suitable for forestry and does not serve conservation or agricultural
purposes. We intend to progress afforestation of this land in partnership with the
private sector.
4.
Preliminary desktop analysis has identified [760,000 hectares] of the Department of
Conservation (DOC) and Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) estate which is
available for consideration. There are likely to be a range of site-specific factors
(biophysical, commercial etc) which will affect partners’ interest in afforesting this land
(including scale, purpose, species, slope, erosion susceptibility).
5.
We intend for [officials – agencies TBC] to invite 9(2)(g)(i)
6.
After this market engagement we, with the Ministers of Conservation and Land
Information, intend to report back to Cabinet 9(2)(f)(iv)
on conditions of offer,
delivery models and process, and any legislative change required to realise
afforestation partnerships not currently possible.
1
CLASSIFICATION
7.
9(2)(f)(iv)
8.
Afforestation on Crown-owned land can make an important contribution to
achievement of our longer-term emissions targets (beyond 2030) - particularly, our
2050 net zero target.
9.
Our intention is that as lit le as possible of this new forestry should be registered in the
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). This wil maximise the additional benefit of carbon
removals, as well as minimise impacts on the ETS market.
10.
We intend to outline this policy in the second emissions reduction plan (ERP2) and will
work through the best way to reflect the potential emissions impacts given the range
of scenarios and uncertainty at this stage.
11.
Progressing work to afforest Crown-owned land is likely to be of high interest to
iwi/Māori. 9(2)(f)(iv), 9(2)(j)
Background
12.
The forestry and wood-processing sector has considerable potential to support the
Government’s objectives to grow the economy and exports, add value and lift
productivity. Forestry and wood processing also have a vital role in meeting New
Zealand’s climate change targets. Forests remove carbon from the atmosphere to
reduce our net emissions and their wood products can be substitutes for more
emissions-intensive products, for example, woody biomass can help businesses
transition off coal.
13.
In the National Party Manifesto, and again in the second emissions reduction plan
(ERP2) discussion document, the Government signalled its intention to partner with
the private sector to plant trees on Crown-owned land that doesn’t serve conservation
or agricultural purposes.
14.
The Minister of Climate Change is required to finalise and publish ERP2 by the end of
this year. We intend to include afforestation on Crown-owned land as a key
commitment within that plan. Decisions to progress this work are therefore required
now, to allow us to set out additional detail on the Government’s intentions.
Analysis
Our objectives
15.
The key objectives that guide this programme are to:
15.1 Secure additional net emissions reductions, which contribute towards our
domestic and international emissions targets
15.2 Grow the forestry and wood processing sector, spurring economic growth
through jobs and exports.
16.
Afforestation can also support biodiversity and freshwater outcomes and improve
adaptation to the impacts of climate change.
2
CLASSIFICATION
17.
The rate and type of af orestation (indigenous, permanent exotic, and production
exotic) that takes place on Crown-owned land wil affect the extent to which these
various objectives are achieved.
Commercial partnership approach to afforestation
18.
We intend to progress this afforestation through partnership with the private sector.
The private sector wil fund the planting and management of the new forests, on
mutually agreed conditions, and the Crown wil retain ownership of the land.
19.
There are likely to be a range of different types of partnership opportunity:
19.1 Opportunity for commercial partnerships, for example, where land is suited to
exotic production forestry;
19.2 Opportunities for the Crown to offer land on non-commercial (not-for profit)
terms for private investment to secure public outcomes, such as sequestration,
biodiversity, and land remediation (which may require philanthropic funding);
19.3 Opportunities to partner with Māori, including iwi; and
19.4 Opportunities for Crown pastoral lessees to diversify land use.
20.
These are unlikely to be mutually exclusive – for example, partnerships with iwi could
include both commercial and non-commercial arrangements, tailored to the
opportunities offered by specific land.
Initial assessment of potentially available Crown-owned land
21.
There is approximately 11,730,000 hectares (ha) of Crown-owned land in New
Zealand. We are focusing this policy on DOC and LINZ land as they manage the most
property, and we have the most direct ability to make that land available to partners.
Excluding national parks, (which the Government does not intend to make available
for public-private afforestation), there is 7,300,000 ha in the DOC and LINZ estates.
22.
Preliminary desktop analysis has identified that, of this 7,300,000 ha, there is around
760,000 ha of land which is potentially available and could be considered for
afforestation (after excluding land that is already in forest, or is unable to be planted
as it is a lake, a river, permanently snow, or transport infrastructure, for example). Most
of this land (730,000 ha) is in the South Island (see map in Appendix One). Of the
760,000 ha, 390,000 ha is held by leaseholders and administered by LINZ under the
Crown Pastoral Land Act 1998.
23.
In practice, a range of factors including biophysical (e.g. altitude, slope, rainfall) and
commercial (e.g. accessibility, distance from roads, existing user rights such as current
lease and concession holders, other potential land uses) factors wil affect partner
interest in afforestation on this land. These factors wil also affect what type of forest is
most likely to be planted (e.g. indigenous, permanent exotic, and/or production exotic).
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
3
CLASSIFICATION
9(2)(g)(i)
25.
9(2)(g)(i)
Report back on conditions of offer, delivery models and potential legislative change following
the 9(2)(g)(i)
26.
After running the 9(2)(g)(i) we intend to report back to Cabinet 9(2)(f)(iv) on conditions
of offer, delivery models and process, and any legislative change required to realise
afforestation partnerships not currently possible.
9(2)(g)(i)
4
CLASSIFICATION
link to page 15
Delivering this programme: delivery models and processes
28.
We wil also need to develop suitable delivery models and processes. Delivering this
afforestation programme wil require a range of activities be undertaken such as,
identifying and advertising suitable parcels and negotiating terms with potential
partners, including the rights to access and use the Crown-owned land and on-going
management of the afforestation contracts.
29.
There are likely to be a mix of delivery models to suit opportunities identified above,
ranging from existing units within agencies, through to establishing a new, independent
entity. Successful delivery wil require technical and commercial expertise to identify
parcels, partners and complete deals especially as the programme scales up.
30.
9(2)(g)(i)
Policy settings wil need to be reviewed to increase the ability to afforest Crown land
31.
The Director General of Conservation and Commissioner of Crown Lands have some
statutory powers to make Crown land available for use by third parties
1. These powers
do not enable afforestation at the full scale envisioned and provide limited opportunities
for exotic afforestation, as these mechanisms are designed with policy settings that
seek to deliver on the objectives of underlying legislation, such as conservation or
agricultural production.
32.
Legislative change would be required to change these settings. 9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
we intend
that the Ministers responsible for potentially impacted legislation wil bring proposals
to Cabinet for potential legislative amendments to address these constraints and
unlock the full scale of the opportunity to afforest Crown-owned land.
33.
9(2)(f)(iv)
34.
Consideration would be needed of existing user rights and how they interact with
choices to make land available. There are existing concessions in place over some of
DOC land that cannot be overridden without legislative change. In addition, 390,000
hectares of the available land in the Land Information portfolio is Crown pastoral land.
Even with legislative changes to enable afforestation, Crown pastoral leaseholders
have rights of exclusive possession and perpetual renewal and thus, would retain
decision rights on whether to afforest this land.
35.
We wil have choices about the scale and extent of these legislative changes,
depending on what is signalled by prospective partners. For example, the scope could
range from necessary changes to actively encourage afforestation where it aligns with
existing purposes (likely a focus on native afforestation), to a more flexible approach
which would enable all types of afforestation. The implications of our choices on scope
wil need to be worked through based on further advice.
1 These include concessions or management agreements for public conservation land, and leases and
licenses under the Land Act 1948.
5
CLASSIFICATION
link to page 16 link to page 16 link to page 16
Complementary changes to enable use of Crown-owned land are already underway
36.
The Government is already progressing changes to improve DOC’s processes for
making land available (the Cabinet paper:
Modernising Conservation Land
Management: Approval to Consult refers).
37.
The Minister of Conservation is proposing amendments to speed up concessions
processes and streamline the planning system, including aspects that limit how land
can be used, and proposing to enable greater flexibility in the exchange and disposal
of public conservation land where there it would also benefit conservation.
Supporting net zero by 2050
38.
Existing forestry wil contribute approximately [61] mil ion tonnes of abatement towards
the second emissions budget (2026 – 2030), and around [20] million tonnes of
abatement in 2050.
39.
Proposed afforestation on Crown-owned land is not expected to directly contribute to
achievement of the second emissions budget (2026-
2030)2, but afforestation on
Crown-owned land can contribute to reaching net zero for all greenhouse gas
emissions, except biogenic methane, by 2050.
3
40.
Current projections being conducted to support the second emissions reduction plan
(ERP2) suggest that there may be around 6 mil ion tonnes of emissions which are
not
being offset by removals in 2050 (though this is highly uncertain at this stage).
41.
Planting trees on Crown-owned land, which are not registered in the ETS, can provide
additional removals to offset these emissions. Our intention is that as little as possible
of this additional forestry should be registered in the ETS. This also minimises the
impact on the ETS market.
4
42.
However, unless alternative financing mechanisms can be identified, it is likely private
partners will want to register some exotic afforestation on Crown-owned land inside
the ETS to help fund exotic and native afforestation outside the ETS. The proportion
of afforestation which wil need to be registered in the ETS to fund non-ETS
afforestation wil be tested with investor partners.
43.
To fully meet the 2050 net zero target using afforestation on Crown-owned land, initial
estimates suggest it would require the following afforestation scenarios, in which some
planting in the ETS funds planting outside the ETS:
43.1 [200,000 hectares of exotic afforestation on Crown-owned land could provide
approximately 6 mil ion tonnes of abatement in 2050 (175,000 ha outside the
ETS, 25,000 ha inside the ETS). Note, initial assessments suggest over
100,000 hectares of this could need to be permanent exotic afforestation.]
43.2 [570,000 hectares of afforestation on Crown-owned land (including
approximately 265,000 hectares of native afforestation outside the ETS, and
2 Due to initial carbon losses that occur when new forests are planted, and the lag between planting
and carbon removals, additional afforestation is expected to generate some additional emissions during
this period.
3 Achieving this means that any remaining greenhouse gas emissions (except for biogenic methane) in
2050, and for each year thereafter, must be offset through ongoing removals.
4 Additional supply of ETS units from forestry could depress ETS market prices.
6
CLASSIFICATION
link to page 17 link to page 17 link to page 17
over 200,000 hectares of permanent exotic afforestation inside the ETS) could
provide approximately 6 mil ion tonnes of abatement in 2050.]
43.3 [If all 760,000 ha were planted, roughly 400,000 ha of native afforestation
outside the ETS could be funded by 300,000 ha of exotic forestry registered in
the ETS. This could provide approximately 5 mil ion tonnes of additional
abatement in 2050.]
5
44.
These scenarios above indicate the scale of planting and abatement only. Key
assumptions need to be tested with the private sector during the 9(2)(g)(i) process
(including estimates about land availability, growth rates
6, and private sector uptake
and subsequent Ministers’ decisions on legislative change).
45.
It may not be possible or desirable to implement the scenarios described above 9(2)(g)(i)
However,
planting a lower amount of land, or a different mix of trees, would still make an
important contribution to achieving the 2050 net zero target. The Government wil be
able to further consider these issues as part of the report back 9(2)(f)(iv)
46.
Pending Cabinet’s agreement, we intend to include this policy in ERP2. Noting the
range of scenarios and uncertainty, we wil work through the best way to reflect the
potential emissions impacts.
Te Tiriti o Waitangi implications
47.
Both the Crown and Māori have positive duty to act in good faith, fairly, reasonably,
and honourably towards each other. The duty of good faith includes a requirement that
the Crown takes reasonable steps to make informed decisions on matters that af ect
Māori interests. Māori land and forest owners wil have interests in these proposals to
afforest Crown-owned land to secure additional net emissions reductions and grow the
forestry and wood processing sector.
48.
Some of the land made available for afforestation is likely to be land in which iwi
involved in the Five Iwi Afforestation Proposal
7 have an interest, or may be subject to
a Right of First Refusal, or a Deferred Selection Property in a Treaty settlement. There
may also be Tiriti obligations flowing from the legislation governing either the land or
the delivery mechanism chosen to progress the afforestation proposals. For example,
there are specific Tiriti obligations in the Conservation Act 1987, Crown Pastoral Land
Act 1998, and the Climate Change Response Act 2002.
49.
These obligations (from both Treaty settlements and general legislation) wil be
considered in the assessment of what land should be made available and the
conditions attached to any offers.
5 Each of these scenarios involves 0.6-0.7Mt of additional net emissions during the second emissions
budget period (2026-2030) due to initial carbon losses that occur when new forests are planted.
6 Calculations use the most up-to-date data from afforestation over recent years (of which predominantly
has been occurring on the east coast of the North Island), so may not reflect the productivity and
therefore carbon sequestration from the Crown Land available.
7 The Five Iwi Afforestation programme involves five iwi who settled Treaty claims that included the
transfer of pre-1990 forest land before the ETS was introduced in 2008. The five iwi are Ngāi Tahu,
Waikato-Tainui, Te Uri o Hau, Ngāti Awa and Ngāti Tūwharetoa ki Kawerau (with Ngāi Tahu receiving
the largest amount of forest land at 180,000ha). These iwi, led by Ngāi Tahu, argue that the Crown did
7
CLASSIFICATION
50.
9(2)(f)(iv), 9(2)(j)
Cost-of-living Implications
52.
There are no cost-of-living implications from the decisions sought in this paper.
Financial Implications
53.
There are no financial implications arising from the decisions sought in this paper.
Costs of the 9(2)(g)(i) process will be met from within existing agency baselines. The 9(2)(f)(iv)
report back wil address financial implications arising from future policy decisions.
Legislative Implications
54.
There are no legislative implications from the decisions sought in this paper.
Impact Analysis
Regulatory Impact Statement
55.
The Ministry for Regulation has determined that this proposal is exempt from the
requirement to provide a Regulatory Impact Statement on the grounds that it has no
or only minor impacts on businesses, individuals, and not-for-profit entities.
Climate Implications of Policy Assessment
56.
[To come]
Population Implications
57.
As this paper does not seek final decisions, there are no immediate impacts on
population groups.
Human Rights
58.
The proposals in this paper are consistent with the New Zealand Bil of Rights Act 1990
and the Human Rights Act 1993.
not meet the information disclosure requirements of their Treaty settlement when the ETS (and new
rules around deforesting pre-1990 forest land) were introduced, and that this materially impacted the
value of the forestry assets returned. In 2009 when the National-led Government secured the support
of the Māori Party, a condition was that the Government explore solutions to the concerns of the Five
Iwi.
8
CLASSIFICATION
Use of external Resources
59.
No external resources were used in the preparation of this paper.
Consultation
60.
The following agencies have been consulted: Ministry of Business, Innovation and
Employment; Department of Conservation; Land Information New Zealand; Of ice for
Māori Crown Relations – Te Arawhiti; Te Puni Kōkiri; the Public Services Commission;
The Treasury; and the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet.
Communications
61.
[To come]
Proactive Release
62.
[To come]
9
CLASSIFICATION
Recommendations
The Ministers recommend that the Committee:
1
Agree in-principle to make DOC and LINZ land available for public/private afforestation
partnerships to secure a mix of commercial and public benefits;
2
Note that 760,000 hectares of DOC and LINZ land has been identified through
preliminary desktop analysis as potentially available for consideration;
3
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
4
Invite Ministers, with the Ministers of Conservation and Land Information, to report
back 9(2)(f)(iv) on the policy parameters and conditions under which land wil be
made available, the process by which land wil be offered, appropriate delivery model,
and any legislative changes required to realise these opportunities;
5
9(2)(f)(iv)
6
9(2)(g)(i)
7
[Note that the Government’s intention is to use Crown-owned land to enable sufficient
afforestation to support our “net zero by 2050” target];
8
9(2)(g)(i)
9
Agree that, to maximise additionality of carbon removals and minimise impacts on the
ETS market, as little as possible of this new forestry should be registered in the ETS;
10
9(2)(f)(iv), 9(2)(j)
10
CLASSIFICATION
Appendix One: Initial Assessment of potentially available DOC and
LINZ Land
This document is withheld in full under section 9(2)(g)(i) of the Act to maintain the
effective conduct of public affairs through the free and frank expression of
opinions between Ministers of the Crown and employees of any public service
agency in the course of their duty.
The final version can be found at:
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/67230-Indicative-land-map-high-resolution
11
CLASSIFICATION
Appendix Two: Desktop analysis of Crown land worth
further investigating for afforestation – A3
CLASSIFICATION
Crown-owned Land in NZ – 11,730,000 ha
Includes
4,430,000 ha
LINZ – 1,790,000 ha
Excludes
[excludes all other land holders, including Pāmu, University of Canterbury, NZ Defence Force as
DoC – 5,510,000 ha
Includes
well as DoC land classified as National Park.]
LUM
2,870,000 ha suitable based on Land Use Mapping (LUM)
Includes
Excludes
[
LUM includes grassland with woody biomass and low producing grassland.]
4,430,000 ha not suitable based on Land Use Mapping
[LUM excludes Natural Forest, Pre-1990 Planted Forest & Post-1989 Forest etc.]
LCDB
Includes
Excludes
2,110,000 ha not suitable based on Land Cover
760,000 ha available based on LUM and Land Cover Database (LCDB)
[LCDB excludes Tall Tussock Grassland, Broadleaved Indigenous Hardwoods, 'Built-up Area (settlement),
[LCDB includes Depleted Grassland, Fern land, Flax land, Gorse and/or Broom, High
Deciduous Hardwoods, Exotic Forest, Indigenous Forest, Manuka and/or Kanuka, Orchard, Vineyard or Other
Producing Exotic Grassland, Low Producing Grassland, Matagouri or Grey Scrub,
Perennial Crop, River, Lake or Pond, Herbaceous Freshwater Vegetation, Permanent Snow and Ice, Sand or
Mixed Exotic Shrubland.]
Gravel, Transport Infrastructure.]
Land use/cover constraints – unlikely to change considerably
Note that this is a desktop analysis only. Testing with potential partners is likely to identify factors which affect whether the land is suitable for forestry and for what forestry types,
including but not limited to biophysical constraints on the land (e.g. altitude, slope, rainfall), commercial constraints (e.g. accessibility, distance to roads/market, existing user rights, other
potential land uses) and others (agricultural and conservation value).
CLASSIFICATION
9(2)(g)(i)
9(2)(g)(i)
1 9(2)(g)(i)
Document Outline
