OIA REQUEST
Received:
10 September 2021
Due:
08 October 2021
Response Date:
08 October 2021
Subject:
Covid – Te Whare Maiangiangi Policies and Procedures
In response to your request under the Official Information Act, please find our response below:
Request
I request a copy of the policies and procedures that Te Whare Maiangiangi are using to
manage the risks associated with Covid19.
Response
The following documents are the current policies and procedures utilised by Te Whare
Maiangiangi to manage the risk associated with COVID19 as at 15 September 2021 – Level
2 Delta.
Please note controlled documents, guidelines and procedures relating to COVID-19 and the
BOPDHB response are either national or organisational procedures and relate to services
and staff across the BOPDHB as well as the staff and services of Te Whare Maiangiangi.
COVID Risk Assessment for Unknown COVID Status and Case Definitions
See Appendix 1.
Case definition of COVID-19 infection definitions.
COVID-19 Testing Guidelines for DHB Health Services
See Appendix 2.
Infection Control
Interim guidance for DHB Acute Care Hospitals – See Appendix 3.
BOPDHB Visitors Policy
Policy 5.3.1 Protocol 4 - Health and Safety - Management of Volunteers and Visitors – See
Appendix 4.
Policy 6.9.4 Protocol 1 - Visitors and Nominated Support Persons – Standards – See
Appendix 5.
Mental Health Act Processes
Advice on compulsory assessment and treatment processes for mental health services
during COVID-19 Alert Level 2 – See Appendix 6.
Personal Protective Equipment Information
MOH PPE Donning & Doffing Guidance.pdf
Cleaning
Ministry of health Cleaning instructions/ cleaning PPE – See Appendix 7.
Bay of Plenty DHB supports the open disclosure of information to assist the public
understanding of how we are delivering publicly funded healthcare. This includes the
proactive publication of anonymised Of icial Information Act responses on our website. Please
note this response may be published on our website.
Official Information Act | Bay of Plenty
District Health Board | Hauora a Toi | BOPDHB
You have the right to request the Ombudsman investigate and review our response.
www.ombudsman.parliament.nz or 0800 802 602.
Yours sincerely
DEBBIE BROWN
Senior Advisor Governance and Quality
Appendix 2
Testing Guidance for the health sector
Implementing the Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19
Testing Plan
Effective 11 September to 3 November 2021
Note: This testing guidance is intended for the current community outbreak of COVID-19 and includes
request.
guidance for when all of New Zealand or any regions are at Alert Levels 2, 3 or 4. Specific updates may be
Act
issued with new guidance from Ministry of health in response to changing Alert Levels or nature of
outbreak, This
Testing Guidance will be superseded by further guidance issued by the Ministry of Health
which reflects changes in outbreak status when necessary.
Information
Key messages in this update
Official
an
to
Testing and vaccination status
a response
COVID-19 vaccination status of the person and their household
of members, and quarantine-free travel
arrangements, do not change the need or decision to test for SARS-CoV-2.
part
as
Symptomatic testing
Board
At all Alert Levels, everyone should be offered testing free of charge if they have new onset of
Health
symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection .
District
This includes
• Elderly and children*
Plenty
of
• contacts who develop symptoms at any time in the 14 days after exposure to a case or
attendance at a location
Bay of interest
by
• People who meet the HIS criteria
• Those with no other obvious diagnosis
• When a test is warra
released nted under clinical judgement
is
• Those recommended to by a Medical Officer of Health
• anyone who has received a vaccine within the last 48 hours and has developed one or more of
the follow
document ing symptoms: new respiratory symptoms, loss of smell or taste, fever of 38 degrees
Celsius or higher, or muscle aches getting worse over time.
This
After they have been tested, they should t
hen stay at home o
r self-isolate as directed until they get
a negative result and have been symptom free for 24 hours.
It is particularly important with the increasing prevalence of the highly infectious Delta variant of the
virus to test anyone aged 12 or older who is symptomatic during the spring months when colds and
flu are still prevalent to ensure a COVID-19 outbreak does not spread undetected.
1
* At Alert level 1: symptomatic children under the age of 12 years may be excused from testing if they do
not meet any of the following:
• subject to a Border Order or Section 70 notice**.
• close or casual plus contacts of confirmed COVID-19 case
• HIS criteria.
• there is no other obvious diagnosis
• when a test is warranted under clinical judgement
• it is recommended by a Medical Officer of Health.
• parents request this.
request.
Act
Asymptomatic people
At all Alert levels, everyone (including children and elderly) needs to be tested if they are:
Information
• Subject to a Border order or Section 70 notice**
•
Close or casual plus contacts of a confirmed COVID 19 case.
Official
• Recommended to by a Medical Officer of Health
an
• Part of Alert level 4 surveillance testing for essential workers and he
to althcare workers
• Required to by updated guidance from the Ministry of Health.
**Unless provided with an exemption by a Medical Officer of Health or a qualified health practitioner.
a response
of
Purpose
part
as
1.
This Guidance is aligned with our
Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 Testing Plan.
2.
It is to be implemented for the period 9 Septem
Board ber to 3 November 2021, and replaces the
COVID-19 Testing Guidance previously in force from 8 July 2021.
Health
3.
It takes into account the current situation in Aotearoa New Zealand and globally, including
current alert level and border status, local events and community factors.
District
4.
It is intended to ensure we continue to:
Plenty
a. Implement a sufficient
of level of testing across Aotearoa New Zealand to ensure any cases of
COVID-19 are quickly
Bay identified and managed; and
b.
by
Provide reassurance that the border is secure through ongoing mandatory testing.
Context
released
is
5.
As of 10 September, Auckland is at Alert Level 4 and the rest of New Zealand is at Alert Level 2, in
response to a now contained outbreak of the Delta variant of the virus.
document
6.
While the whole of New Zealand was at Alert Level 4, testing numbers averaged around 30,000 a
day
This . As of 10 September, testing numbers had averaged around 11,000 a day for the previous
seven days.
The testing Plan
7.
The testing approach has focus on:
a. Testing people with symptoms of COVID-19 in all regions.
2
b. Testing as part of any wider case or outbreak investigation
c. testing at the border, (arrivals into New Zealand, border workers and people living and
working in managed isolation and quarantine facilities).
d. Saliva testing roll out for surveillance testing of essential workers.
8.
The testing approach is designed to quickly identify and manage infections in those most at risk
of exposure and to to prevent undetected community spread.
9.
Contact tracing and testing of asymptomatic people is used to enable rapid diagnosis and
isolation of potential new cases of COVID-19.
10.
There is emerging evidence that the newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 can present with less specifi
request. c
symptoms such as muscle aches, headaches, weakness, joint pains and abdominal pain
Act and
nausea rather than respiratory symptoms.
11.
People who meet the
HIS criteria –– should be tested for COVID-19 and then self-isolate until
Information
they get a negative result,.
12. Anyone who is symptomatic should be tested as a priority, irrespective of reg
Official ion or other risk
criteria – with the exception of children under the age of 12 years in A
an lert Level 1, (as noted in
to
paragraphs 26 and 27 below).
13. Similarly, anyone who is required to be tested by the COVID-19 Public Health Response (Required
Testing) Order 2020 still needs to present for their subseque
a
nt req
response uired tests., regardless of their
vaccination status. They should also be tested again shoul
of d they become symptomatic, even if
they had a recent negative surveillance test.
part
as
14. Any border or MIQ worker who returns a a positive result from a saliva test needs to be re-tested
with a PCR test using nasopharyngeal swab or c
Board ombined oropharyngeal and bilateral anterior
nasal swab to confirm the positive result.
Health
15. Anyone (including children_) presenting to hospital with an acute respiratory infection, or who
develops symptoms consistent with COVID-19 infection while hospitalised, should be tested for
District
SARS-CoV-2, irrespective of region or other risk criteria.
16.
Plenty
Community testing needs to continue to focus on reducing barriers to testing and needs to
of
include non-appointment-based options. To ensure that testing is equitably available for all those
Bay
with symptoms, approaches should continue to be developed with Māori and Pacific
by
communities, health leaders and health providers. DHB cultural and community liaison roles will
have a key role in planning and implementing these approaches. We encourage DHBs and PHUs
to seek input and adv
released
ice from Māori and Pacific healthcare leaders regarding the best approach
is
to testing for Māori and Pacific children and whānau.
17. Anyone who is required to be tested under a Section 70 notice or a Border Order must be tested,
document
unless exempted by a qualified health practitioner or a Medical Officer of Health.
This
18. The local Medical Officer of Health may recommend a local change to the Testing Guidance,
which may apply to an area or to specific children. For example, they may recommend testing
children in a particular area who have recently travelled from an area of increased risk.
19. The decision to test or not test children should not be influenced by the vaccination status of their
parents/guardians.
3
20. It is important to follow infection prevention and control (IPC) recommendations (in particular
streaming and PPE) for those who are symptomatic regardless of whether or not they are tested
for COVID-19. The experience of the last year and knowledge of the aerosol transmission of the
virus have raised the bar on managing respiratory illness in healthcare settings and have shown
that increased attention to IPC and ventilation can impact the incidence of a range of respiratory
infections.
21. It is also important that group A streptococcal (GAS) throat infections, as well as other respiratory
illnesses and illnesses which disproportionately affect Māori and Pacific communities such as
measles and meningococcal disease, are considered and managed appropriately in Māori and
Pacific whānau who present to primary care services or Community Testing Centres. It is also
request.
recommended that where Māori and Pacific children and young adults (3-35 years, especially
Act
those aged 4-19 years old) present with a sore throat, a throat swab is taken to identify GAS
and/or empiric antibiotics are prescribed according to local guidelines.
Testing methods
Information
22.
Official
A swab from the nasopharynx is the most effective way of detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2
an
and should be taken wherever possible. Most people will tolerate thi
to s procedure, however a
combined oropharyngeal and bilateral anterior nasal swab can be considered as an alternative for
children and the elderly – particularly if there is concern about tissue fragility.
Testing sites
a response
of
part
23. The Ministry will continue working with DHBs, PHUs and community health providers to support
as
equitable access to testing for Māori and Pacific peoples, and those in hard-to-reach and rural
locations.
Board
24. In developing local approaches, lessons learned to date need to be considered, including:
Health
a. One size does not fit all — different approaches are needed for the different communities
that require targeted testing.
District
b. Clear messaging for communities is needed, including what to do while waiting for a
result and the implications of a posi
Plenty
tive test for the person, their close contacts and
of
family. This has been an area of confusion for people at times, so alignment with Ministry
Bay
guidance and c
by onsistency of messaging is important.
c. There should be clear public messaging around when and where testing is available.
d. Public health
released information provided for mass events should include testing information.
is
25. DHBs and PHUs should ensure information in Healthpoint is kept up to date for the location of
testing sites and their opening times.
document
Te stin
This
g children
26. At any Alert Level, children should be tested if they have symptoms consistent with COVID-19. At
alert level 1 those under the age of 12 may be excused from testing if they do not meet and any
of the following:
• Subject to a Border Order or Section 70 notice (unless provided with an exemption by a
Medical Officer of Health or a qualified health practitioner
4
• They are a close or casual-plus contact of a confirmed case
• They meet the
HIS criteria
• There is no other obvious diagnosis
• When a test is warranted under clinical judgement
• It is recommended by the medical officer of health
• Parental request
27. Children do not need to be tested if they are casual contacts unless they become symptomatic.
Further discussion regarding testing / not testing children in Alert
request.
level 1
Act
28. The rationale for not routinely testing children under 12 years (who have no other risk factors for
COVID-19) in the context of Alert Level 1 is:
Information
a. In the context of Alert level 1 and no other risk factors for COVID 19, there is more likely to
be an alternative diagnosis explaining the symptoms.
Official
an
b.
to
The swabbing process is relatively invasive, and this may be particularly traumatic for
younger children.
c. The difficulty of obtaining a quality swab in children can reduce the sensitivity of the test.
a response
d. Routine testing may be a barrier to parents presenti
of ng their children for clinical assessment
in primary care settings.
part
e.
as
There is no evidence at this point in time that concern about SARS-CoV-2 variants should
change the decision to test children in this context.
Board
COVID-19 symptoms vs post-vac
Health
cination reactions
29. As the COVID-19 Pfizer/BioNTech (Comirnaty) vaccine is particularly reactogenic, it will be
common for people to present with sy
District mptoms post-vaccination. Post-vaccination symptoms have
generally been more pronounced after the second dose of the vaccine. The systemic reactions to
Plenty
the vaccines can include fa
of tigue, headache and muscle aches and pain, which are all also common
symptoms of COVID-19
Bay infection.
by
30. Because vaccine effectiveness is less than 100%, COVID-19 infection should ALWAYS be
considered as a possible cause of symptoms, particularly for those at higher risk of exposure.
released
31. When endeav
is ouring to distinguish COVID-19 symptoms from reactions to vaccines, refer for
testing anyone who presents with one or more of the following symptoms within 48 hours of
receiving the first or second dose of ANY vaccine:
document
a. loss of the sense of smell or taste
This b. respiratory symptoms (e.g. sore throat, cough, shortness of breath, sneezing/runny or
blocked nose)
c. generalised muscle aches which are worsening with time
d. fever of 38 degrees Celsius or higher.
32. People with fatigue, headache, localised (not systemic) muscle aches and pain, and low-grade
fever/chills in the 48 hours after any vaccination, who do not have the specific symptoms listed in
5
paragraph 38 above, generally do not need to be tested for COVID-19. There may be exceptions,
guided by public health advice.
Other considerations
33. This
Testing Guidance does not recommend focusing on widespread asymptomatic testing of
communities, unless as part of an outbreak or case investigation. However, consideration can be
given to offering asymptomatic testing to the following groups if they present to primary care:
34. Regular Surveillance testing is recommended for the following
a. Health workers, including Aged Residential Care workers.
request.
b. Hospitality workers, including hotel and restaurant staff.
Act
c. Public-facing tourism workers.
d. Public-facing transport workers (e.g. bus, taxi, uber, commuter train). Information
e. Close or household contacts of border workers.
f.
Official
Anyone (excluding recovered cases1) who has lived or worked in and exited a region that has
an
been in Alert level 4 or an MIQ facility within the previous 14 days.
to
35. Key hygiene messages for all New Zealanders should stay consistent.
a. Wash your hands regularly.
a response
b. Observe physical distancing.
of
c.
part
Cough and sneeze into your elbow or a tissue.
as
d. Stay at home if you are unwell.
e.
Board
Ring Healthline or your GP for advice if you are unwell.
f. Get a test if you have any symptoms of COVID-19.
Health
District
Plenty
of
Bay
by
released
is
document
This
1 A person who has recovered from COVID-19, and so is no longer infectious, will continue to have fragments of SARS-CoV-2
(the virus that causes COVID-19) in their system for up to several months beyond their infectious period. Although these
fragments are neither alive nor infectious they would produce a positive result if the person had a PCR test. This is because the
PCR test is designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 genetic material but cannot distinguish between alive and dead genetic material.
6
COVID-19
Appendix 1
ALERT LEVEL 2: HEALTH AND DISABILITY SECTOR RISK ASSESSMENT FOR
INTERACTIONS WITH PEOPLE OF UNKNOWN COVID-19 STATUS
This document provides guidance for a risk assessment that should be undertaken at the first point
of contact with people whose COVID-19 status is unknown. Please ask the questions before contact
with the person, if possible (by phone or signage); otherwise maintain physical distancing of at
least 2 metres when asking them.1 Defer care or use telemedicine where possible. Follow Standard
Precautions for all care.2 Also, refer to your organisational Infection Prevention and Control Guidance.
Clinical Criteria: Does the person have an acute respiratory infection with at least one of the request.
following symptoms (with or without fever): new or worsening cough, fever (at least 38˚C), shortness
of breath, sore throat, sneezing or runny nose, loss of sense of smell or altered sense of taste.
Act
YES
NO Information
Risk Factors:
In the 14 days prior to seeking care has the person:
Official
Had contact with a COVID-19 case
OR
an
to
Been in attendance at a current location of interest 3
OR
Meets the
Higher Index for Suspicion Criteria (HIS)4: Check the Ministry of Health website for
updated information.
a response
of
YES
NO
part
YES
NO
as
Provide them with
Provide them with Board Provide them with
Person to wear
a medical mask
a medical mask
a medical mask
a face covering
to wear for source
to wear for source
Health
to wear for source
(their own or
control.
control.
control.
medical mask
Ensure they
Maintain 2m from
Maintain 2m from
provided).
District
are at least 2m
others or move
others or move
Wear a medical
from others in a
them into a single
them into a single
mask.
Plenty
well ventilated
room.
of
room.
space, ie single
Wear a medical
Wear a medical
room or other
Bay
mask and eye
mask.
space outdoors if
by protection.
available.
Eye protection
optional.
If the person released
needs clinical is
assessment or
direct care wear a
Apply Standard
P2/N95 particulate
Precautions
document
respirator, eye
depending on the
protection, gown
This
nature of care to
and gloves.
be provided.
SESSIONAL MASK USE: Where possible a mask, face covering or particulate respirator can be worn
continuously. Replace if it becomes damp, damaged, or at the end of a session (up to 4 hours).
1.
This assessment will determine what additional IPC precautions are required.
2. Refer to Frequently Asked Questions about PPE www.health.govt.nz/ppe-health
3. Refer to MOH for contact tracing places of interest www.health.govt.nz/covid-19-contact-tracing-locations-interest#current
HP7716 —08 Sep 21
4. Refer to MOH case definition: www.health.govt.nz/COVID-19 case definition.
Appendix 3
COVID-19 Infection Prevention and
Control - Interim Guidance for DHB request.
Acute Care Hospitals
Act
10 August 2021
Information
About this guidance
Official
This guidance outlines the infection prevention and control (IPC) procedures for DHB acute care hospitals
an
providing care for probable or confirmed COVID-19 patients, and those who
to meet the Clinical and Higher
Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for COVID-191. This is a living document and replaces previous versions of the
IPC Procedures for DHB Acute Care Hospitals and includes further advice on IPC precautions and an
organisational framework for IPC preparedness for the management of COVID-19 cases. Please consult with
a response
local IPC specialist teams if further risk assessment is required for s
of pecific circumstances.
part
Contents
as
1. Introduction
Board
2. Transmission of COVID-19 and principles of infection prevention and control
Health
2.1 Routes of transmission
District
2.2 Infection prevention and control precautions
3. Organisational preparedness for p
Plenty
reventing and controlling COVID-19 in the hospital setting
of
3.1 Elimination of potentia
Bay
l exposure – ensuring triage, early recognition, and source control
by
3.2 Administrative controls
3.3 Engineering and environmental controls
released
is
3.4 Protection of health care workers and patients using hand hygiene and personal protective
equipment (PPE)
document
4. IPC procedures for DHB acute care hospitals
This
5. References
6. Appendices
1 Current COVID-19 case definitio
n: www.health.govt.nz/covid19-case-definition
1. Introduction
This guidance document outlines the Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) procedures to provide a safe
workplace for District Health Board (DHB) acute-care hospitals that are receiving, assessing, and caring for
COVID-19 patients, and those who meet the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for COVID-
192.
Planning and implementation strategies: to prevent and control COVID-19 should ensure;
• current Ministry of Health and DHB COVID-19 guidance is readily available and accessible in relevant
areas
request.
• early case recognition, containment, assessment, and reporting of cases occurs
Act
• IPC control measures, including hand hygiene, appropriate use of personal protective equipment
(PPE) and patient placement, are in place, along with physical distancing
• there is a process for regular audit and feedback to support continuous improvement in IPC practices
Information
• that the practical ability to respond rapidly is supported through clearly defined links between key
individuals, services and senior leadership.
Official
an
This guidance is based on international guidelines and best current evidence
to available as the COVID-19
pandemic evolves. Some of the guidance set out in this document may need to be operationalised locally,
however, the underlying principles of IPC should be adhered to.
a response
Further updates may be made as new evidence emerges and in res
of ponse to the level of community
transmission in New Zealand.
part
as
Transmission-based Precautions have been the pillars upon which IPC guidance has been developed for
healthcare settings when providing care for patients with s
Board uspected or confirmed COVID-19 infections. With
the increasing strength of evidence for the role of aerosols in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, we have
Health
revised this guidance document to improve the safety of healthcare workers providing care in hospital
settings by mitigating the risk of exposure to s
District mall particles during patient care activities. Staff providing care
for patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection should adhere to Airborne Precautions and
wear a P2/N95 particulate respirator. Ho
Plenty spitals also need to ensure the use of effective ventilation controls,
of
that facilitate the removal and dilution of aerosol, in clinical areas where patients with suspected or confirmed
Bay
COVID-19 infections are asses
by sed and cared for.
2. Routes oreleased
is f transmission
The route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 continues to be an area of debate in the medical and scientific
community. The
document traditional paradigm has been that respiratory viruses are transmitted by exposure to large
dro
plets (> 5 µm) and through contact with contaminated surfaces. Close range contact with the infectious
This
individual is required for transmission of the infectious agent. Airborne transmission via smal respiratory
particles, less than 5 µm, (termed aerosols) is thought to occur with only a few infectious diseases, namely
measles, varicella, and laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis. However, scientific studies have shown that
exhaled particles generated by talking, shouting, singing sneezing or coughing are predominantly smal
particles. These smal particles can carry viable infectious viruses and bacteria3. The evidence that SARS-CoV-2
2 Current COVID-19 case definitio
n: www.health.govt.nz/covid19-case-definition
3 Fennelly KP. Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control. Lancet Resp Med 2020: 8: 914-24.
is transmitted by aerosols is becoming increasingly compelling in enclosed spaces, during prolonged
exposure to respiratory particles and, in settings where there is poor ventilation or air handling.
Transmission also may occur through direct and indirect contact with contaminated surfaces, or by contact
with equipment used on or by the infected person (e.g. stethoscope or thermometer) but the evidence to
support this is unclear4.
Aerosol Generating Procedures (AGPs) can promote the generation of smal particles (<5 µm). These fine
particles remain suspended in the air for longer periods than larger particles and can be inhaled resulting in a
risk of airborne transmission. The evidence supporting aerosol generation by different medical interventions is
request.
of low quality.5 There are a number of groups looking at aerosol generation during medical interventions and
the results of such studies are likely to better define the risk of aerosol generation in healthcare sett
Act ings.
2.2
Infection prevention and control precautions
Information
Standard Precautions and Transmission-based Precautions must be adhered to when
Official managing patients with
probable or confirmed COVID-19, or who meet the Clinical and Higher Index of
an Suspicion (HIS) criteria for
to
COVID-19.6 In addition to practices carried out by health care workers when providing care, all individuals
(including patients and visitors) should comply with infection control practices in health care settings. The
control of spread from the source is essential to avoid transmission of COVID-19.
a response
of
Standard Precautions
part
as
Standard Precautions are the basic level of IPC measures which should always be applied regardless of the
infectious nature of the patient, and in the case of all prob
Board able or confirmed COVID-19 patients, or those who
meet the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for COVID-19.
Health
Key elements of Standard Precautions:
District
Hand hygiene – hand hygiene must be performed before every episode of direct patient care and after any
activity/task or contact that potentially r
Plenty esults in hands becoming contaminated, including before and after
of
putting on and removing personal protective equipment (PPE), and after equipment decontamination and
waste handling.
Bay
https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/our-programmes/infection-prevention-and-control/topics/hand-
by
hygiene
released
is
•
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – before use, assess the risk of exposure to blood and body fluids
or contaminated surfaces before any health care activity.
document
•
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette – this is important for source control. Make sure that the
This
patient has access to tissues, is supported to safely dispose of the tissue after use and to perform hand
hygiene.
4 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Infection prevention and control and preparedness for COVID-19 in healthcare
settings. Sixth update – 9 February 2021.
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-and-
preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings
5 Assessing the evidence base for medical procedures which create a higher than usual risk of respiratory infection transmission from
patient to healthcare worker, Version 1.2 14 May 2021. Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated infection, National Services
Scotland.
https://hpspubsrepo.blob.core.windows.net/hps-website/nss/3055/documents/1_agp-sbar.pdf
6 Current COVID-19 case definitio
n: www.health.govt.nz/covid19-case-definition
pg. 2
•
Safe use and disposal of needles and other sharps
•
Aseptic technique - adhering to a set of principles to prevent infection when performing a procedure.
•
Patient care equipment – clean, disinfect and reprocess reusable equipment between patients.
•
Appropriate cleaning and disinfection - of environmental and other frequently touched surfaces.
•
Safe waste management: fol ow regional IPC protocols for managing waste.
•
Safe handling of linen: fol ow regional IPC protocols for managing used linen.
Refer to the World Health Organization (WHO) poster on standard precautions for further information,
request.
available at:
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/standard-precautions-in-
Act
health-care.pdf
Transmission-based Precautions
Information
Transmission-based Precautions are used when Standard Precautions alone are insufficient to prevent cross
Official
transmission of an infectious agent when caring for a patient with a known or suspected infection.
an
to
Contact Precautions
Contact Precautions are used in situations where the infectious agent is transmitted via direct contact with
blood or body fluids or indirectly from contact with the immediate care environment (including care
a response
equipment).
of
part
In addition to Standard Precautions, the fol owing infection c
as ontrol measures should also be fol owed.
•
Board
The patient should be placed in a single room (with an ensuite, where possible).
• Where possible, limit the movement of the patient outside of the room.
Health
• Appropriate PPE should be worn (gloves and fluid-resistant long sleeve gown).
• PPE should be donned before entering the room and doffed upon exiting and safely disposed of.
District
• Remove and dispose of contaminated PPE and perform hand hygiene prior to transporting patients to
other sites within the facility. Do
Plenty n clean PPE to assist the patient at the transport location.
•
of
Use disposable or dedicated patient-care equipment. Avoid the use of share-patient equipment.
•
Bay
Prioritise the cleaning and disinfection of these rooms.
by
Droplet Precautions
released
is
Droplet Precautions are used to prevent and control infection transmission over short distances of large
respiratory particles, termed droplets (>5μm). If they land on the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth
or conjunctivae o
document f the eye, they can transmit infection.
This
In addition to Standard Precautions, the fol owing infection control measures should be fol owed:
• Place a medical mask on the patient, (if they can tolerate it), for source control.
• The patient should be placed in a single room (with an ensuite, where possible).
• Appropriate PPE should be worn by healthcare workers (medical mask and eye protection upon entry
into the patient room or patient space).
pg. 3
• Limit transport and movement of patients outside of the room unless requiring a medical procedure
in another department. If transport or movement outside of the room is necessary, instruct the
patient to wear a mask and fol ow respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette.
Airborne Precautions
Airborne Precautions are used to prevent, and control infection transmitted by smal particles (<5μm)
dispersed from the respiratory tract.
Refer to section 2 for modes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2.
In addition to Standard Precautions the fol owing infection control measures should also be fol owed
• Place a medical mask on the patient, if they can tolerate it, for source control.
•
request.
The patient should be placed in an Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR). If an AIIR is not available,
place the patient in a single room that has an ensuite bathroom. The door should remain c
Act losed.
• Use PPE appropriately. The healthcare worker is to wear a P2/N95 particulate respirator that they have
been fit-tested to. They should fit check it each time they wear one.
•
Information
Refer to fit checking section in Role of face masks and respirators available at:
https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/pages/the_role_of_medical_masks_and_particulat
Official
e_respirators_110821.pdf
an
to
Best Practice for patient placement
For patients admitted to a DHB acute-care hospital who are suspected, or confirmed COVID-19 cases, or meet
a response
the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for COVID-197, the implementation of Standard and
of
Transmission-based Precautions (Contact and Airborne) are required. If available, the utilisation of an AIIR
part
room is recommended. If there is no available AIIR room, a single room with the door closed is an acceptable
as
option. This room should not be positively pressured to the outside corridor. A portable HEPA filtration unit,
if available, may be used in this setting and it would provi
Board de an additional measure of infection prevention
during the assessment of the patient.
Health
In situations where indoor air quality may be poor, such as single rooms with less than 6 air changes per hour,
internal rooms with no mechanical ventilation,
District rooms where windows cannot be opened to allow for air
movement or where alternate strategies such as portable filtration units are not available, then consideration
should be given to transfer the patient t
Plenty o another facility with adequate ventilation controls. In the event of
of
needing to transfer a patient(s) to another facility, there should be pathways included in the DHB’s COVID-19
pandemic preparedness planning
Bay .
by
If a medical procedure that generates aerosols, an aerosol generating procedure (AGP), is being undertaken,
Contact and Airborne Prec
released autions should be adhered to.
is
For further information refer to Frequently Asked Questions at
: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-
work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-information-specific-audiences/covid-
document
19 -personal-protective-equipment-central-supply/frequently-asked-questions-about-ppe-and-covid-19
This
3. Organisational preparedness for preventing and
control ing COVID-19
Preventing transmission of SARS Cov-2 in the health care setting requires a multi-faceted approach to ensure
early identification and containment measures are in place, engineering, environmental, and administrative
7 Current COVID-19 case definitio
n: www.health.govt.nz/covid19-case-definition
pg. 4
controls are established, and appropriate PPE is available. The fol owing IPC principles can be considered as a
hierarchy of controls.
3.1 Elimination of potential exposure – ensuring triage, early recognition, and
source control
• Risk assessment is key to ensuring that cases meeting the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS)
criteria are identified on entry to acute care facilities and are isolated and cared for according to IPC
guidance to protect patients, visitors, and health care workers.
• Cases meeting the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion criteria require testing for SARS-CoV-2 and
should be managed with appropriate Transmission-based Precautions and adherence to request.
administrative controls.
Act
• Source control is critical, including the use of medical masks where tolerated, and support for the
patient to fol ow appropriate hand and respiratory hygiene.
• During Alert Level 3 or 4 (Community transmission occurring
or multiple cluster outbrea
Information ks)
consideration should be given to universal masking of all patients presenting to high density areas
where physical distancing is not possible when awaiting triage and COVID risk
Official assessment, e.g.
Emergency Department waiting rooms.
an
to
3.2 Implementation of administrative controls a response
of
Administrative controls are policies designed to prevent and r
part educe the risk of exposure and transmission
as
of COVID-19 in the acute care setting and include, but are not limited to:
• sustainable IPC infrastructures and governance
Board
• appropriately trained personnel in IPC activities
• implementation of appropriate IPC meas
Health ures (e.g. Standard Precautions for all patients)
• education of all health care workers, patients and visitors around hand hygiene and respiratory
hygiene
District
• the safe and appropriate donning and doffing of PPE and other practices designed to prevent
transmission of COVID-19
Plenty
of
• ensuring adherence to all IPC policies and procedures for all aspects of health care
Bay
• vaccination prog
by rammes for staff and vulnerable patients
• implementing screening in high-risk areas such as emergency departments, using Standard,
Contact and Airborne Precautions and appropriate triage of patients who are a probable or
released
confirm
is ed case of COVID-19, and those who meet the Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS)
criteria.
(Refer to Appendix 1).
document
Admini
This strative controls also include:
• the design and use of appropriate work processes and systems, including access to prompt
laboratory testing
• provision and use of suitable work equipment and materials that support and enhance the efforts
of health care workers to contain and control the risk of infection
• a resourced fit testing programme which ensures that appropriate staff are fit tested to available
respirators at least annually.
Effective strategies need to address environmental, organisational, and individual barriers to adherence.
Intervention programmes need strong leadership and the involvement of all staff at al levels. Infection
pg. 5
prevention does not rely solely on a functional IPC team, but also depends on hospital organisation, bed
occupancy, appropriate staffing ratios, and workload. On-going workplace risk assessment for SARS-CoV-
2 is required to determine the level of risk for potential occupational exposure related to role, work task
and work setting.
Administrative measures specifically related to providing a safe work environment for health care workers
include:
• provision of adequate education and training for health care workers
• ensuring an adequate patient-to-staff ratio
• establishing a surveil ance process for acute respiratory infections potentially caused by COVID
request. -19
virus among health care workers
Act
• ensuring that health care workers understand the importance of promptly seeking medical care
• ensuring adequate and appropriate consumables (for example non-sterile gloves)
• monitoring health care worker compliance with Standard and Transmission-based Pre
Information cautions
and providing mechanisms for improvement as needed (e.g. ‘buddy’ systems to support correct
use of PPE)
Official
an
• provision of dedicated clinical and non-clinical rooms for staff working with COVID-19 patients as
to
deemed necessary through DHB risk assessment.
3.3 Implementation of engineering and environmen
a response
tal controls
of
part
The control of exposure at source, including adequate ventilation systems6,7 and effective environmental
as
decontamination physically reduces exposure to infection.
Board
Controls to address the infrastructure of the acute care facility aim to ensure adequate ventilation in all
areas of the facility, and environmental cleaning
Health .
District
Engineering controls
Plenty
Engineering controls can be us
of ed to reduce or eliminate exposure of healthcare workers and other
patients to infected patients.
Bay They include the use of physical barriers and dedicated pathways, remote
triage areas, airborne inf
by ection isolation rooms and single patient spaces rather than shared open bays in
recovery areas. Engineering controls also focus on maintaining the quality of the indoor air.
released
Indoor air qual
is ity in shared spaces can be improved by:
• optimising air-handling systems to provide a minimum of 6 Air Changes per Hour (ACH)
• ensur
document ing that the system in use provides appropriate directional air movement
•
This providing filtration of the air through high-efficiency particulate absorbing filtration where
required
• using portable HEPA filtration units in high risk areas where permanent air-handling systems are
not feasible
• consider opening of windows to provide natural ventilation if mechanical ventilation is not
available
• The mechanical ventilation system in use in each hospital is fit for purpose, correctly installed and
regularly maintained
pg. 6
• The IPC Service maintaining a close working relationship with the relevant service that provides
oversight for air quality.
Environmental controls
Effective cleaning and decontamination procedures are necessary to ensure removal of pathogens from
the environment. There should be processes in place to ensure that environmental cleaning and
disinfection procedures are fol owed consistently and correctly.
Management of laundry, food services and medical waste should be in accordance with local DHB
request.
policies.
Act
Cleaning staff providing terminal cleaning of rooms should fol ow recommended practices and wear the
appropriate PPE for the type of room and cleaning chemicals required. Cleaning chemicals should be
Information
effective against SARS-CoV-2.
Official
3.4 Protection of health care workers and patients using hand h
an
ygiene and
to
personal protective equipment (PPE)
a response
Hand Hygiene
of
Health care workers should fol ow the ‘5 moments for hand
part hygiene’ before touching a patient, before
as
any clean or aseptic procedure is performed, after exposure to body fluids, after touching a patient, and
after touching a patient’s surroundings.
https://www.hqsc.govt.nz/our-programmes/infection-prevention-
Board
and-control/topics/hand-hygiene/
Health
Patients should be enabled to clean their hands at key times and provided with the means to do so.
District
Personal Protective Equipment
Plenty
of
Clear guidance should be provided as to the choice of PPE when caring for a probable or confirmed
COVID-19 case, or those who
Bay meet Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) Criteria. PPE should be
by
donned prior to any interaction with a suspected, probable or positive COVID-19 patient.
The sequence for donning and doffing PPE should be visual y indicated, and a place for these activities
should be designated.
released
is
• PPE donning and doffing stations should be located close to the point of use (where this does not
compromise patient safety, e.g. mental health/learning disabilities) but separate from each other.
If loc
document ated outside a room then the two activities should not be occurring simultaneously.
This
Medical masks, P2/N95 particulate respirators, gowns and eye protection can be worn continuously for up
to 4 hours when providing care to patients in a cohorting setting. Gloves need to be replaced between
each patient encounter. Hand hygiene must be performed with change of gloves. If during continuous use
the PPE becomes damp, soiled or contaminated with blood or body fluids, then al PPE, including the
gown, wil need to be replaced.
There are many opportunities for the transmission of SARS CoV-2 and PPE is only one, albeit an important
measure, to protect health care workers and others from being exposed to the virus. The use of PPE
pg. 7
should be accompanied by strict adherence to national and local IPC policies and procedures, and the
overarching IPC principles of hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, physical distancing,
cleaning of surfaces and frequently touched items
and staying home when unwell.
Regular monitoring and feedback of adherence to PPE guidance as well as support and further education
for staff when needed wil improve compliance, safe practice and identify gaps in PPE training and advice.
Identifying barriers to safe donning and doffing of PPE and enabling workable solutions wil ensure the
safety of health care workers, patients and visitors is maintained.
For further information refer to: www.health.govt.nz/ppe-health
request.
Act
Staff caring for probable or confirmed COVID-19 patients or those who meet the Clinical and
Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria
Staff assigned to care for probable or confirmed COVID-19 patients should:
Information
• meet the occupational health policy for fitness to work in this situation and should be fully
vaccinated (there should be adequate staff allocated to work in this area, w
Official ith high staff to patient
an
ratio ensured)
to
• fol ow the local procedure for documenting their details for Occupational Health fol ow up
• fol ow the guidance of their DHB for surveil ance monitoring for COVID-19.
Staff who were not wearing adequate PPE for an interaction wit
a response
h a positive COVID-19 patient or who had
of
a PPE breach that is considered significant by the IPC team are required to isolate at home, under the
part
direction and monitoring of the Occupational Health team.
as
In March 2021, COVID-19 vaccination of all frontline hea
Board lthcare workers commenced. A healthcare worker
is considered to be fully vaccinated ≥ 2 weeks fol owing the second dose of vaccine.
Health
Vaccination is not mandatory for healthcare staff working in DHBs, therefore DHBs should work with their
Occupational Health team to develop a po
District licy to manage staff who are not vaccinated against COVID-19.
For further information, refer to
: https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-
novel-coronavirus/covid-19-vaccines/
Plenty covid-19-vaccine-information-health-professionals
of
NOTE:
Bay
1. Fully vaccinated healt
by
hcare workers still need to follow IPC guidance including the use of PPE.
2. Patients from Quarantine Free Travel Zones (QFTZ) are to be considered ‘New Zealanders’ when
applying the HIS crit
released
eria. https://www.miq.govt.nz/assets/MIQ-documents/operations-framework-
managed-isolat
is ion-and-quarantine-facilities.pdf
document
This
pg. 8
4. IPC procedures for DHB acute care hospitals
The table below is for use by Infection Prevention Teams to refer to in developing IPC processes
for managing patients, visitors and procedures throughout the hospital including admission from
Accident and Emergency, or out-patient department.
Circumstances (Where, Who, What)
Actions and IPC measures
1. Pre-hospital interface
Primary care or ambulance service to notify the emergency
department or the designated SMO at the DHB of the
patient transfer to hospital.
request.
Act
2. Public calls to emergency departments
Refer to Healthline on 0800 538 5453.
3. Calls from community providers
Refer to Healthline on 0800 538 5453 or the local Public
Health Service.
Information
4. PPE for health care workers assessing
Refer to Appendix 1 for the appropriate PPE to be worn by
patients
HCW
Official
5. Patients presenting to Emergency
Triage and assess. Refer t
o Risk
an assessment questions if
Departments who are proven COVID-19
COVID-19 status is unknown
to or your local DHB COVID-19
cases or who meet both the Clinical and
pathway.
Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for
a response
COVID-19
Refer to Append
of
ix 1 for the appropriate PPE to be worn by
HCW
part
as
Patients are to wear a medical mask for source control and
Board
need to be moved to an airborne infection isolation room
(AIIR), or a single room with the door closed. They should
Health
be supported to fol ow respiratory and hand hygiene, and
cough etiquette if able.
District
6. Any patient(s) presenting to Emergenc
Plenty
y
When interacting with patients who meet the Higher Index
of
Departments who meet the HIS criteria
of Suspicion (HIS) criteria, HCWs should
Refer to Appendix
Bay
only, in the absence of clinical symptoms
1
by
Patients without clinical symptoms consistent with an acute
released
is
respiratory tract infection should still wear a medical mask.
7. Patients presenting to Emergency
Patients from Quarantine Free Travel Zones (QFTZ) are to
Department fro
document
m Quarantine free travel
be considered as “New Zealanders” when applying the HIS
zones
This
criteria.
If they work in an area or a role in their country of origin
that meets the Ministry of Health’s HIS criteria, they are
managed the same as any New Zealander meeting the HIS
criteria.
pg. 9
8. Movement of patients, Each DHB should develop a patient pathway for movement of patients through
who meet the Clinical
their hospital starting in the Emergency Department.
criteria, or the Clinical
and Higher Index of
The movement and transport of patients should be limited to essential purposes
Suspicion (HIS)
only. Staff at the receiving department or ward should be advised that the patient
criteria, for COVID-19
meets the Clinical and HIS criteria.
from the Emergency
Department to another All health care workers involved in transferring the patient should adhere to
department or to a
Standard and Transmission-based Precautions
Refer to Appendix 1. Clean PPE
ward
must be donned before transfer and it should be doffed when the transfer proc
request. ess
is completed.
Act
If transferring the patient requires the use of a lift, as much as practically possible,
the route should be clear, and the lift should be exclusively al ocated
Information for the
patient and transfer staff. A designated “clean staff member”, who is part of the
transfer team, is recommended to operate lift buttons etc.
Official
an
to
The patient must wear a medical mask for source control, if tolerated, on transfer
to and from department(s), or on transfer to a ward, and must not wait in
communal areas.
a response
of
If possible, patients should be placed
part at the end of procedure or surgical lists.
as
Medical records should not be
Board placed on the bed during transfer (consider placing
in an envelope/plastic sleeve).
9. Accompanying
Ideal y, in this situation, th
Health e family/whānau, carer and support person/people
family/ whānau, carer should be redirected to their GP or a community-based testing centre to get
or support person in
tested for COVID-19
District and be required to self-isolate at home whilst awaiting the
the Emergency
test result.
Plenty
Department, who
of
meet the Clinical
If this
Bay situation is unavoidable, and they are required to remain with the patient in
criteria or Clinical and the
by Emergency Department during the assessment, the fol owing actions should
Higher Index of
be undertaken to mitigate the risk:
Suspicion (HIS) released
criteria for COVID
is
-19,
• This situation should be discussed with the senior clinical team COVID-19
and who wants to
response team, and the IPC service within the DHB.
remain with the
• The person should wear a medical mask and be supported to adhere to
document
pa tient
respiratory and hand hygiene and cough etiquette.
This
• The person should be instructed to remain in the room/bay that the
patient is in and not to leave this space unless it has been discussed with,
and agreed to, by a senior member of the Emergency Department clinical
team.
If the patient is discharged home, the family or whānau member, carer or support
person should be advised/informed to have a COVID-19 test and, self-isolate at
home while awaiting the test result.
pg. 10
10. Accompanying
Ideal y, in this situation, the family/whānau, carers and support person/people
family/ whānau, carer should be redirected to their GP or a community-based testing centre to get
or support person
tested for COVID-19 and be required to self-isolate at home whilst awaiting the
who meet the Clinical test result.
criteria or Clinical and If this situation is unavoidable, it should be discussed with the senior leadership
Higher Index of
team or COVID-19 response team, and the IPC service within the DHB, in
Suspicion (HIS)
conjunction with the local public health service, before the transfer to the ward
criteria for COVID-19, occurs. Approval wil be decided on a case-by-case basis and reviewed daily.
and who wants to
remain with the
The fol owing additional actions should be undertaken to mitigate risk: request.
Act
patient following
•
admission to the
The person should be provided with a clean medical mask prior to leaving
the Emergency Department to wear during transfer to the ward.
ward.
• Once in the ward they should be provided with guidance abo
Information ut respiratory
and hand hygiene, and the safe donning and doffing of a medical mask.
• They do not need to wear a gown, gloves and eye p
Official rotection in the room.
• There should be a clear set of expectations pr
an ovided to the family/whānau,
carer or support person by the DHB about
to what they can, and cannot do,
whilst in attendance. This should be provided verbally and in written form.
If necessary, this may require assistance from interpreters. This wil cover,
but is not limited to the fol owing:
a response
of
o the person should not leave the room unless they have discussed
this with the health ca
part re worker team
as
o testing for SARS-CoV-2 may be required, if not already done
o daily symptom check wil occur
Board
o communication with other family/whānau should be via digital
means only.
Health
Food, clothing etc, can be handed to the reception area of the ward for delivering
to the room. District
11. Management of
When interacting with patients who meet the Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS)
Plenty
patients meeting
criteria,
of HCWs should
Refer to Appendix 1
Higher Index of
Bay
Suspicion (HIS)
Sta
by ndard and Transmission-based Precautions should be fol owed at all times until
criteria for COVID-19
the patient is discharged or until the 14 days self-isolation period has ended;
for an unrelated released whichever is the soonest.
Refer to Appendix 1
is
medical event
Patient would be reviewed daily for symptoms.
Refer to Appendix 2
document
If they do develop symptoms they should be managed with Contact and Airborne
This
Precautions until SARS-CoV-2 infection can be excluded.
If they remain in hospital for more than 14 days after meeting the HIS criteria then,
fol owing discussion with the IPC service, they can be removed from Transmission-
based Precautions.
pg. 11
12. Entry into room
There should be;
(General information
• Clear signage on the door with instructions on the level of PPE
across all settings)
required before entering the room
• Clearly demarcated donning and doffing areas including the sequence
for donning and doffing PPE.
Access is limited to essential health care workers only.
Local policy should guide non-essential health care workers access to the room,
for example, meal delivery.
Maintain a record of all people who enter the patient’s room. This includes visito
request. rs
and the names of accompanying family/whānau to support any future co
Act ntact
tracing. Ensure names of health care workers are recorded in notes, for future
reference.
Information
As with any other health and safety issue identified (including blood and body
fluid exposures), HCWs who experience a failure in PPE shoul
Official d notify their line
manager and Occupational Health Department for ad
an vice.
to
13. Cohorting patients
Two or more patients with confirmed COVID-19 can be cohorted together in a
with confirmed
multi-bedded room or bay. The decision to create cohort rooms or wards should
COVID-19
be undertaken in discussion with senior management, COVID-19 response team,
a response
clinical microbiologists, infectious diseases
of physicians, and the IPC service.
part
• Cohort areas should be separated from other patient areas with a door or
as
physical barrier.
• The cohort area should
Board have an effective ventilation system in use.
Additional ventilation equipment, such as portal HEPA filtration units, may
be required. Health
• Cohort area within a ward should be located away from high traffic areas,
District
clearly identified, and in a safe area provided for donning and doffing PPE.
• Clear s
Plenty ignage indicating the required PPE is to be placed at the entrance of
th
of e cohort area.
•
Bay Where possible only health care workers who have been assessed as
by
competent in donning and doffing of PPE should be allocated to work in
the cohort area.
released
• A system to support correct use of PPE is recommended, e.g. a ‘buddy’
is
system.
• Assigning a dedicated team of staff should be considered, along with
document
ensuring that the staff: patient ratio is sufficient to support staff’s
adherence to IPC measures.
This
• Visiting should be in accordance with national or regional Alert Level -
(case by case restrictions should be part of ward policy).
• Al staff working in such areas should be fully vaccinated.
• Patients in cohort areas should be asked to wear medical masks for source
control, when able.
• Movement of patients out of the cohort area should be limited.
• A dedicated bathroom for cohorted patient group should be
implemented.
pg. 12
• Cleaning should be undertaken more frequently and, cleaning staff should
be assessed as competent in donning and doffing the appropriate PPE.
14. Visitors (to patients)
Visiting should be restricted to essential visitors only and align with the COVID-19
Alert Levels range of measures.
Visitors should be assessed against Clinical and Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS)
criteria for COVID-19 at each visit as per the local DHB policy.
If visitors meet the case definition for COVID-19, have been identified as a close
contact of the case, or meet the Higher Index of Suspicion (HIS) criteria for COV
request. ID-
19, they should not be visiting the hospital.
Act
Visitors should be supported to use other means of contacting the patient, such as
mobile phone communication. Each DHB should develop a communic
Information ation policy.
Signage should be visible at the entrance to the room and gu
Official idance on the
an
required PPE and IPC measures visitors should fol o
to w.
Medical masks, hand sanitisers and waste bins should be available.
a response
There should be clear simple instructions
of on how to don and doff a medical mask,
how to safely dispose of it and when
part to perform hand hygiene. Both written and
as
verbal advice around safe practice should be provided by the IPC Service, where
feasible.
Board
15. Collection of clinical
Ensure the col ection, type of specimen and transport media required are fol owed
Health
specimens
for the receiving laboratory.
District
Refer to Appendix 1 for PPE requirements
Plenty
of
For hospitalised patients, consider col ecting both upper and lower respiratory
Bay
tract specimens. This should be undertaken in a single room with the door closed.
by
Refer to:
https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/pages/hp7353_02_-
released
is
_ppe_ipc_poster_nasopharyngeal_testing_v3.pdf
16. Diagnostic testing
See local laboratory guidance.
17.
document
Clinical investigations
Use portable equipment wherever possible.
and proc
This
edures
Where this not possible, discuss with the relevant department before transferring
the patient.
The patient should go directly into the imaging/treatment room. The patient
should wear a medical mask on transfer to and from department, and during the
procedure.
Contact and Airborne Precautions should be adhered to by the staff.
pg. 13
Clean the equipment and the procedure room after use as per local DHB IPC
guidance.
18. Handling of linen
Infectious linen should be handled as per local DHB IPC guidance.
19. Cleaning
An appropriate hospital grade disinfectant with activity against respiratory viruses,
including coronavirus, or use a sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) should be
used to clean the hospital environment.
Cleaning staff should be trained and updated regularly on the appropriate PPE to
wear dependent on the environment.
request.
Act
Cleaning schedules should include frequency of cleaning based on the area/s, risk
and environment.
Information
On discharge of patient, a terminal clean should be done as per local DHB IPC
guidance.
Official
an
20. Waste
Infectious clinical and control ed waste should be dis
to posed as per DHB IPC
guidance.
Large volumes of waste may be generate
a response
d by frequent use of PPE; ensure regular
of
emptying of waste to avoid over-fil ed bins.
part
as
Used PPE may be considered Control ed Waste, however the DHB must be able to
verify that the Control ed Waste is
Board being handled in a sanitary landfil as per the
Management of Health Care Waste Standard (NZS 4304: 2002).
21.
Health
Food service
Local policy should guide non-essential health care worker access to the room,
including meal delivery.
District
Standard Precautions should be used when handling used crockery and cutlery.
Plenty
of
Unopen
Bay ed food items or food waste is to be discarded as per local waste policy.
22.
by
Hospitalised patient is The clinical team wil determine when the patient is well enough for discharge.
ready for discharge
released The clinical microbiologist, infectious diseases specialist, or IPC Service should be
is
involved in discharge planning and the Public Health Unit notified.
document
For further information refer to COVID-19 advice for all health professionals:
https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-
This
coronavirus/covid-19-information-health-professionals/covid-19-advice-all-
health-professionals
23. Management of
PPE must be worn when handling the deceased. The body should be placed in a
deceased patients
fluid-proof body bag and once this has occurred Standard Precautions should be
fol owed. Refer to below link for further advice.
https://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/pages/management-of-
deaths-due-to-covid-9-information-for-funeral-directors-19082020.pdf
pg. 14
24. Outbreak
If an outbreak of COVID-19 is suspected, implement the Outbreak Management
management
Policy as per local DHB guidance, including contacting relevant departments or
specialists such as the IPC service, clinical microbiologist, infectious diseases
specialist and Public Health Unit.
25. Personal care
If assistance with personal cares are required for patients who are COVID-19
considerations for
positive, the patient should wear a medical mask as appropriate and the assisting
patients who meets
health care worker to
refer to Appendix 1 for PPE guidance.
the Clinical and
Higher Index of
Suspicion
request.
26. Reuse of PPE
The reprocessing of single use PPE is not recommended.
Act
5.
Information
References
Official
1. Australian Government. Infection Control Expert Group: Guidance on the us
an
e of personal protective
equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers in the context of COVID-19. J
to une 2021
https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/guidance-on-the-use-of-personal-protective-
equipment-ppe-for-health-care-workers-in-the-context-of-covid-19
2. Branch-El iman W, Savor Price C, Bessesen MT, Perl TM. Us
a
response
ing the Pil ars of Infection Prevention to
of
Build an Effective Program for Reducing the Transmission of Emerging and Remerging Infections.
Curr Envir Health Rpt (2015) 2:226–235. DOI 10.1007/s4
part 0572-015-0059-7
as
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Interim Infection Prevention and Control
Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Board
Pandemic Updated Feb. 23, 2021, Accessed 17 May 2021
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html
Health
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Scientific Brief: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission. Updated
7 May 2021, Accessed 17 May 2021
District
https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/sars-cov-2-transmission.html
5. Communicable Diseases Netwo
Plenty rk of Australia. National guidelines for Public Health Units, v4.4, 11
May 2021, Accessed 17 M
of ay 2021.
https://www1.health.go
Bay v.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cdna-song-novel-coronavirus.htm
6. FGI Guidelines for D
by esign and Construction of Hospitals, 2018. Part 3: Ventilation of Hospitals
https://fgiguidelines.org/guidelines/2018-fgi-guidelines/
7. ANSI/ASHRAE/ASHE Standard 170-2017 Ventilation of Health Care Facilities
released
https://ww
is w.ashrae.org/technical-resources/standards-and-guidelines/standards-addenda/ansi-
ashrae-ashe-standard-170-2017-ventilation-of-health-care-facilities
8. Public Health England Covid-19: Infection prevention and control guidance. V 1.1. Updated 21
January 2
document 021 Accessed 17 May 2021
This
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/9
54690/Infection_Prevention_and_Control_Guidance_January_2021.pdf
9. COVID-19 infection prevention and control guidance: aerosol generating procedures. Updated 15
April 2021, Accessed 17 May 2021
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-
control/covid-19-infection-prevention-and-control-guidance-aerosol-generating-procedures
10. Rapid review of the literature: Assessing the infection prevention and control measures for the
prevention and management of COVID-19 in health and care settings. V 14, 7 May 2021. Accessed 10
May 2021
https://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/web-resources-container/rapid-review-of-the-literature-assessing-the-
pg. 15
infection-prevention-and-control-measures-for-the-prevention-and-management-of-covid-19-in-
healthcare-settings/
11. World Health Organization (WHO). Standard precautions, Accessed 20 May 2020
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/health-topics/standard-precautions-in-health-
care.pdf
12. WHO. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is
suspected. Interim guidance, 19 March 2020, Accessed 23 May 2020
www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-control-during-health-care-when-novel-
coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected-20200125
13. WHO: Rational use of personal protective equipment for COVID-19 and considerations during severe
shortages Interim guidance 23 December 2020
request.
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/rational-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-fo
Act r-
coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-and-considerations-during-severe-shortages
14. WHO. Mask Use in the Context of COVID-19
. Interim guidance 1 December 2020
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/337199
Information
15. WHO: COVID-19: Occupational health and safety for health workers Interim guidance 2 February 2021,
Accessed April 2021
Official
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-HCW_advice-2021.1
an
16. WHO Technical specifications of personal protective equipment for C
to OVID-19 World Guidance 13
November 2020
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/336622
a response
of
part
as
Board
Health
District
Plenty
of
Bay
by
released
is
document
This
pg. 16
Appendix 1. Transmission-based Precautions according to Alert level.
request.
Act
NOTE: These IPC precautions should be followed regardless of the patients or the HCW vaccination status
Transmission-based Precautions to be followed per ALERT LEVEL
Information
Contact and Airborne Precautions PPE
Official
P2/N95 particulate respirator*, eye protection, long sleeve fluid resistant gown and gloves an
*
to
Staff who are required to wear a P2/N95 particulate respirator should have undertaken the requisite fit testing and be trained in fit checking
Contact and Droplet Precautions PPE Medical masks (BS or EN Standard Type IIR, or ASTM Level 1, 2 or 3), eye protection
a , long s
response leeve fluid resistant gown, and gloves
Patient Risk
Alert Level 1
Alert Level 2
Alert Le
of
vel 3
Alert Level 4
Factors
Heightened risk of importing
High risk of importing COVID- Com
part munity transmission
Sustained and intensive
as
COVID-19. Sporadic imported 19
or uptick in imported cases
occurring
or multiple cluster
transmission. Widespread
cases. Isolated household
or uptick in household Board outbreaks
outbreaks
transmission associated with
transmission
or single or
imported cases
isolated cluster outbreaks
Health
Meets clinical and higher index of suspicion (HIS) criteria. Providing clinical
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
District
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
care
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Plenty
Aerosol
Contact and Airborne
Contact a
of nd Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
generating
Precautions
Precau
Bay tions
Precautions
Precautions
procedure (AGP)
by
Meets clinical criteria only Providing clinical
Contact and Droplet
C
released ontact and Droplet
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
is
care
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
AGP
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Precautions
document
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
This
Meets HIS criteria only Providing clinical
Droplet Precautions
Droplet Precautions
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
care
Precautions
Precautions
request.
AGP
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Act
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Proven COVID-19
infection
Information
Within 14-day
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
Contact and Airborne
infectious period
Precautions
Precautions
Precautions
Official
Precautions
an
to
a response
of
part
as
Board
Health
District
Plenty
of
Bay
by
released
is
document
This
pg. 2
Appendix 2 – Example of Daily screen for COVID-19 symptoms
request.
Act
Information
Official
an
to
a response
of
part
as
Board
Health
District
Plenty
of
Bay
by
released
is
document
This
pg. 1
Appendix 4
HEALTH AND SAFETY - MANAGEMENT OF
Policy 5.3.1
VOLUNTEERS & VISITORS
Protocol 4
HEALTH & SAFETY
PROTOCOL
STANDARD
All volunteers at the Bay of Plenty District Health Board (BOPDHB) will be under the
management of an organised and recognised external provider or managed by the BOPDHB
Volunteer Co-ordinator in accordance with BOPDHB Volunteer policies and protocols.
All visitors to BOPDHB workplaces (this includes regular business visitors and visitors to
patients) are managed in accordance with BOPDHB policies and protocols.
request.
STANDARDS TO BE MET
Act
1. Volunteers
1.1.
All volunteers must complete a health and safety induction/orientation programme
Information
prior to commencing volunteer work.
1.2.
All volunteers shall wear a Volunteers identification badge at all times on BOPDHB
Official
work sites. This badge will be provided only on completion of the BOPDHB health
an
and safety induction and any applicable orientation (refer
policy 3.50.01 protocol
to
6).
2. Visitors
a response
Excluding visitors to patients, all other visitors including
of company representatives are to:
2.1
Prior to visiting the hospital, contact the person
part they intend visiting and make an
as
appointment with a stated time.
2.2
On arriving for the appointment, report to the designated reception area of the
Board
facility and complete the Visitors Register as a company representative stating
who they are visiting and when. They are to confirm that they have read and
understood the Health and Safety
Health instructions provided by signing the appropriate
form. These instructions are to be adhered to during the visit. They will then
receive an official visitor’s st
District icker which they are to wear at all times during the
visit.
2.3
Attend the appointment
Plenty .
2.4
On completing the
of appointment return to the reception, return the visitor’s sticker
and sign out with their signature and departure time and exit the hospital.
Bay
by
ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS
released
•
Bay of Plen
is ty District Health Board Health and Safety controlled documents
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 3.50.07 Volunteers
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 3.50.07 protocol 1 Volunteers - Standards
•
Bay of P
document lenty District Health Board policy 6.9.4 Visitors and Nominated Support Persons
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 6.9.4 protocol 1 Visitors and Nominated
This
Support Persons - Standards
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 3.50.01 protocol 6 Staff, Contractors and
Volunteer Identification (ID) Standards (Photo ID Card and Name Badge)
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board Form FM.S16.1 Staff, Contractor and Volunteer
Identification and Electronic Security Access Request
Issue Date:
May 2021
Page 1 of 1
NOTE: The electronic version of
Review Date: May 2023
Version No: 17
this document is the most current.
Any printed copy cannot be
Protocol Steward: Health & Safety
Authorised by: GM Corporate
assumed to be the current version.
Manager
Services
Appendix 5
VISITORS AND NOMINATED SUPPORT PERSONS –
Policy 6.9.4
STANDARDS
Protocol 1
VISITORS
PROTOCOL
STANDARD
Bay of Plenty District Health Board (BOPDHB) is in a pandemic situation known as COVID-19.
Effective 1159 hours 7 September 2021 until further notice there is to be managed visitor
access into the hospital facilities at Tauranga and Whakatane. As a Tiriti led DHB, BOPDHB
affirms that this decision has been made in partnership with the Māori Health Rūnanga.
Accordingly BOPDHB visitor’s policy and protocol is to ensure patients have access to
appropriate care, put in place rules around approved visitors in this emergency situation and
to ensure that contact tracing can be facilitated should any patient, visitor or employee
request.
subsequently be diagnosed with COVID-19.
Act
OBJECTIVE
To outline the processes to be followed by Bay of Plenty District Health Board (BO
Information PDHB)
employees for visitors to facilities.
Official
an
to
STANDARDS TO BE MET
1. Designated Emergency Visiting Hours and Rules
1.1. Visiting hours for both Tauranga and Whakatane Hospitals are designated as
8.00am
a response
to 8.00pm.
of
1.2. Alert
Level 2 Delta – Reduce enables
managed visitors as follows:
a)
Two (2) visitors at any one time per patien
part t, excluding high risk areas per c) d)
as
and e) below
b) High risk areas – Emergency Department (ED / Intensive Care Unit (ICU) / High
Board
Dependency Unit (HDU) / Acute Care Unit (ACU) / Mental Health & Addiction
Services two (2) approved visitors per patient per day. On compassionate
grounds, a roster of visitors (only
Health 2 at any one time) may be arranged for high risk
areas.
c) Only two (2) nominated sup
District port persons may accompany any woman during
labour and birth. Following birth, one (1) nominated support person at a time may
visit once daily and s
Plenty tay as long as the woman wants
d) Mothers and on
of e nominated support person per day to accompany any baby in
the Special Care
Bay Baby Unit (SCBU).
e) Two (2) pa
by rents or guardians may be nominated to visit any hospitalised child.
f)
Visitors will complete health screening to ensure they are well and not a COVID-
19 risk.
g) Visitors
released will complete sign in requirements prior to facility entry to ensure contact
is traceability.
h) Should a patient be a confirmed or highly suspicious COVID patient then NO
visitors are allowed.
document
i)
In assessing requests for Māori whānau visits, Clinical Nurse Managers (CNM) /
This
Clinical Midwife Managers (CMM) or Duty Nurse Managers (DNM) will consult
with Te Pare ō Toi.
1.3. At the discretion of the CNM / CMM or DNM additional visiting requests may be
approved on compassionate grounds.
1.4. Employee Responsibilities
a) To allow approved visitors for patients as per 1. above .
b) To ensure adequate information is available to visitors to make them aware of
their responsibilities.
Issue Date:
Sep 2021
Page 1 of 2
NOTE: The electronic version of
Review Date:
Sep 2022
Version No: 27
this document is the most current.
Any printed copy cannot be
Protocol Steward: Hospital
Authorised by: EOC Incident
assumed to be the current version.
Co-ordinator
Controller
VISITORS AND NOMINATED SUPPORT PERSONS –
Policy 6.9.4
STANDARDS
Protocol 1
VISITORS
PROTOCOL
c) To ensure all clinical care is delivered in a timely manner (this may mean that
visitors are asked to leave or vacate the patient space).
d) To report all unauthorised persons or inappropriate behaviour to the
Shift Co-ordinator, Security or DNM immediately.
e) To monitor and implement the Visitors procedure.
f) To ensure Security is informed immediately if the behaviour from the visitor does
not meet the expected standards.
g) Security – main entrance door:
• Signing in / out all visitors
request.
• Keep record of all visitor contact details for purposes of COVID-19 traceabi
Act lity
h) Ensure visitors don’t access the hospital facilities through entrances other than
the main entrance door.
1.5. Visitor Responsibilities
Information
a) Visitors must wear a face covering and adhere to all requests in respect to physical
distancing and infection prevention and control procedures.
b) Visitors are expected to behave in a manner respectful of both
Official the patient they
are visiting, to other patients, and the facility in general.
an BOPDHB has a zero
to
tolerance for any violence and / or aggression.
c) These are extraordinary circumstances. All visitors need to recognise this and
follow instructions from staff to ensure everyone is kept safe.
d) Support for teams can be accessed through Sec
a response
urity, DNMs and with Te Pare ō
Toi.
of
part
2. Hospital access
as
2.1 Access to the Tauranga and Whakatane hospitals will be via the main entrance only.
2.2 During this COVID-19 emergency situation, the premises will be in managed visitor
Board
access.
2.3 Security staff will be stationed at the entrance and all people entering will be
Health
screened. Should it be determined that a visitor is deemed a risk they will be refused
entry.
2.4 Additional support for Māori wh
District ānau can be accessed through Te Pare ō Toi.
Plenty
of
ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS
Bay
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 6.9.4 Visitors
by
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 6.9.4 protocol 4 Visitors to Operating Theatre
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 2.2.5 Media
•
Bay of Plenty Dis
released trict Health Board policy 5.4.2 Smokefree
•
is
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 5.4.7 Threatening Behaviour, Bullying,
Harassment and Violence in the Workplace - Management
•
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 5.5.1 Security
•
document
Bay of Plenty District Health Board policy 5.5.3 Trespass
• This
Bay of Plenty District Health Board Form FM.V3.1 Visitors to Theatre – Patient Consent
Issue Date:
Sep 2021
Page 2 of 2
NOTE: The electronic version of
Review Date:
Sep 2022
Version No: 27
this document is the most current.
Any printed copy cannot be
Protocol Steward: Hospital
Authorised by: EOC Incident
assumed to be the current version.
Co-ordinator
Controller
Appendix 6
Advice on compulsory assessment and treatment processes for
mental health services during COVID-19 Alert Level 2
Updated 23 August 2021
This information is about compulsory assessment and treatment process under the Mental Health
(Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 (the Mental Health Act) during the COVID-19
epidemic while at Alert Level 2. Alert Level 2 anticipates that the disease is contained, but the risk of
community transmission remains. Health services are expected to operate as normally as possible,
but physical distancing is required.
request.
Act
This information is about compulsory assessment and treatment during the COVID-19 Alert Level 2
for people subject to the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992 (Mental
Health Act).
Information
The purpose of this advice is to help mental health services to continue to provide safe and effective
assessment and treatment to people that respects their rights to the greatest exten
Official t possible in the
circumstances. It is critical to ensure the rights of patients and proposed patie
an nts under the Mental
to
Health Act are protected and balanced with the need to ensure patients and proposed patients
receive appropriate care and treatment.
This advice may not address all situations that will arise while we
a response
are under the COVID-19 Alert
of
Levels. Therefore, in situations where specific advice has not yet been provided and it is not possible
to follow usual best practice and adhere to standard operatin
part g procedures, guidelines and policies,
as
services will need to consider alternative approaches. When considering alternatives, services should
question whether the action:
Board
• is in the best interests of the patient Health
• is necessary to protect the health and safety of the patient, and others
• meets legislative requirements and aligns with the intent of the legislation
District
• upholds the rights of the patient and others to the maximum extent possible in the
circumstances
Plenty
• complies with the current
of COVID-19 Alert Level requirements.
Bay
This guidance is interim an
by d may be amended as the COVID-19 alert levels evolve. This guidance
should be read in conjunction with information available a
t health.govt.nz/covid-19 and
covid19.govt.nz.
released
is
1. Use of the Mental Health Act during Alert Level 2
1.1. The Mental Health Act continues to apply during all COVID-19 alert levels. This document is
document
intended to assist in ensuring processes under the Mental Health Act can continue as
This seamlessly as possible and consistently with the requirements of COVID-19 Alert Level 2.
1.2. The Mental Health Act is intended to permit compulsory mental health assessment and
treatment of individuals who meet, or are reasonably believed to meet, the definition of
mental disorder in the Mental Health Act. When the Mental Health Act is used it is important
that the least restrictive option is used.
1.3. The Mental Health Act cannot be used to enforce assessment, treatment, or isolation for
reasons unrelated to the assessment, treatment, or management of a person’s mental
disorder.
2. COVID-19 temporary amendments to the Mental Health Act
2.1 On 13 May 2020 the COVID-19 Response (Further Management Measures) Legislation Act 2020
was passed into law. It included a number of temporary amendments to the Mental Health Act
to enable the effective operation of the Act during the COVID-19 response. Please note that
these changes are temporary and apply only during the response to COVID-19 and will expire on
31 October 2021, or earlier if they are no longer necessary. The Act is available at:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2020/0013/latest/LMS339370.html
2.2 These temporary amendments are to:
• clarify that the use of audiovisual technology is permitted for clinical assessments,
examinations, and reviews of patients and proposed patients, and for judicial examinations
request.
of patients;
Act
• clarify that Mental Health Review Tribunal reviews can be conducted using remote
technology;
• clarify that district inspectors and official visitors are permitted to complete their visitation
Information
and inspection duties using remote technology, if the district inspector or official visitor is
satisfied that this is appropriate (this amendment expires when the Epidemic Notice
Official
expires);
an
• change references to medical practitioner and health practitioner t
to o mental health
practitioner and references to medical examination to examination in certain sections to
provide more clear and consistent terminology and to facilitate timely assessment of
patients and better usage of the health workforce, whic
a response
h is likely to come under pressure
during the outbreak of COVID-19.
of
2.3 These temporary amendments are described in the follo
part wing paragraphs.
as
Use of audiovisual link (AVL) technology during COVID-19 response
2.4 The COVID-19 Response (Further Management M
Board easures) Legislation Act 2020 amends the
Mental Health Act to clarify that the use of AVL is permitted to access a person to exercise a
Health
power under the Act where it is not practicable for the person to be physical y present. This
applies to:
District
(a) a clinician, psychiatrist, or mental health practitioner exercising a power under this Act
that requires access to a p
Plenty erson; or
(b) a Judge, any person d
of irected by a Judge, or a member of a Review Tribunal that is
required to exami
Bay ne a person under this Act.
2.5 Audiovisual link (A
by VL) is defined as facilities that enable both audio and visual communication
with the person.
2.6 Audio link only i
released s not permitted to exercise any of these powers or perform any of these
assessm
is ents.
2.7 See guidance on the use of AVL in section 3 below.
document
This
2
Changes to meaning of health practitioner, examination and medical certificate during
COVID-19 response
2.8 The COVID-19 Response (Further Management Measures) Legislation Act modifies the existing
definition of medical and health practitioners to a new defined term of 'mental health
practitioner', medical examination to 'examination', and medical certificate to 'assessment
certificate' for purpose of enabling timely assessment of patients and better use of the health
workforce. In practice this will permit a wider range of practitioners to complete an
examination and issue a certificate under section 8B regardless of which section of the Mental
Health Act is used to initiate an examination under section 8B.
2.9 The meaning of “mental health practitioner” in the COVID-19 Response (Further Management
request.
Measures) Legislation Act is:
Act
(a) a medical practitioner; or
(b) a nurse practitioner; or
(c) a registered nurse practising in mental health
‘registered nurse practising in mental health’ means a health practitioner who—
Information
(a) is, or is deemed to be, registered with the Nursing Council of New Zealand continued by
Official
section 114(1)(a) of the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 as a
an
practitioner of the profession of nursing and whose scope of prac
to tice includes the
assessment of the presence of mental disorder as defined under this Act; and
(b) holds a current practising certificate.
a response
Modifications to section 9A
of
2.10 Modifications to section 9A enable duly authorised officers (in addition to Director of Area
part
Mental Health Services) to carry out the requiremen
as ts of section 9(1). In addition, “health
practitioner” is modified to “mental health practitioner” in sections 9(1) and (3).
Board
District inspector visits during COVID-19 response
2.11 The addition of section 97A permits distric
Health t inspector visitations for the purposes of section 97
of the Mental Health Act to be undertaken by remote technology permitted while the
epidemic notice is in force for COVID
District -19.
2.12 See section 10 for further guidance on district inspector visits and inquiries.
Plenty
3. Assessments, examinat
of ions, and reviews of patients and proposed patients subject
to the Mental Health
Bay Act, including second opinions
by
3.1 A greater range of activities are permitted under Alert Level 2. However, there is still a need to
reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19 through measures including physical distancing and
released
taking e
is xtra precautions for people in the high-risk group (older people and those with
existing medical conditions). Inpatient units will need to take precautions and manage visiting
in a controlled way. See guidance on the Ministry of Health website at:
https:
document //www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-
This coronavirus/covid-19-current-situation/health-and-disability-services-alert-level-2
3.2 Statutory assessments have the potential to result in restrictions on patients’ rights. Timely
access to services is therefore crucial to avoid unnecessarily prolonging the restrictions of
rights. Experience in Alert Levels 3 and 4 has shown that some service users prefer
engagement by AVL and that it has been possible to complete assessments using AVL.
3
3.3 As noted above, the recent COVID-19 Response (Further Management Measures) Legislation
Act 2020 amends the Mental Health Act to clarify that the use of AVL is permitted where it is
not practicable for the person to be physically present. This means that in-person assessment
and examination is to be preferred, however, AVL can be used where this is necessary and
appropriate.
3.4 Under Alert Level 2 it is expected that in-person appointments wil be the usual method of
engaging with patients. However, there are likely to be circumstances in which an in-person
attendance is not practicable due to limitations arising under Alert Level 2. Therefore, there
continues to be a need for flexibility in how assessments are carried out.
3.5 Services may use AVL where necessary to carry out Mental Health Act processes including
assessment, examination, or a review of a patient or proposed patient, if in-person options request.
are not practicable. Decisions about whether an in-person assessment is not practicable Act
should take into account and balance the following factors.
• The preference and best interests of the patient or proposed patient
• The least restrictive manner of providing assessment and treatment
Information
• Whether barriers to in-person attendance would prevent timely access to assessment
and treatment
Official
an
• The ability to maintain safety and adhere to the COVID-19 alert
to level requirements (such
as where a person has suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection)
• Whether the patient/proposed patient or the clinical assessor are in the high-risk group
for COVID-19 (and arranging an alternative assessor w
a ould cau
response se undue delays to the
assessment)
of
• The effective facilitation of family/whānau engage
part ment.
3.6 The use of AVL solely for reasons of convenience o
as r efficiency for service providers is not
acceptable.
Board
3.7 Greater priority should be given to in-person assessments for the purposes of assessment
under assessment sections 8B to 14 of the M
Health ental Health Act as these relate to decisions that
may result in a person being detained or limitations on the patient’s rights.
3.8 The rationale for decisions to use AVL
District for should be documented and available for review by
district inspectors.
3.9 Appropriate equipment should
Plenty be available to ensure that assessments are conducted
effectively with appropria
of te safeguards in terms of privacy and security.
Bay
Consent to AVL
by
3.10 Consent by the patient or proposed patient to conduct an assessment, examination, or review
by AVL is not re
released quired, but services are encouraged to seek and document consent whenever
is
possible.
3.11 A lack of consent does not make it unlawful to do an assessment by AVL in itself. However, it
may in
document dicate that the approach wil not adequately meet the purposes behind doing the
assessment (getting an accurate view of the person's mental health status and risk), which
This may increase the risk that the assessment could be inaccurate and the individual could be
made subject to the Mental Health Act when this is inappropriate.
4
3.12 Where an individual is not cooperative in relation to the use of AVL, services are encouraged
to think careful y about whether the use of AVL remains appropriate in the circumstances and
should not use AVL unless in-person assessment is demonstrably not practicable for reasons
other than just convenience for the service. Services should document the decision-making
process, including recording how the interests and clinical safety of the patient were better
served by an AVL assessment in the situation, and consider guidance provided by relevant
professional practice standards.
3.13 Services will need to have appropriate protocols in place for conducting and documenting
assessments by AVL.
3.14 Services must ensure that AVL arrangements respect the privacy of the individual, and
requirements under the Health Information Privacy Code and Privacy Act 1993 are complied
request.
with.
Act
3.15 Using AVL in mental health consultations is supported by the Royal Australian and New
Zealand College of Psychiatrists, which notes that “Telepsychiatry can greatly improve access
to psychiatric services for people in rural and remote areas, and in other situations whe
Information re
face-to-face consultations are impracticable.” Resources to help implement telepsychiatry are
provided on the Col ege website
at https://www.ranzcp.org/practice-educatio
Official n/telehealth-in-
an
psychiatry
to
4. Section 9(2)(d) explanation of notice of assessment
4.1 It is mandatory for an explanation of the purpose of the as
a sessmen
response t to take place in the
presence of a support person under section 9(2)(d). An a
of ssessor must offer to organise the
attendance of a support person known to the applican
part t, such as a family member, caregiver or
friend, if such a person is available. If no such perso
as n is available, an independent person
should be engaged (Justices of the Peace (JPs) are available for this purpose).
Board
4.2 AVL may be used to fulfil the requirements of section 9(2)(d) where in-person is not
practicable or if engagement by a family/whānau member or support person can be better
Health
facilitated through AVL (see section 3). If video technology is not available in the circumstance,
a teleconference is also permissible.
District
4.3 Care must be taken to ensure that all parties can adequately participate in the interaction, and
that al parties have understoo
Plenty d the information provided.
of
5. Discharge of patients f
Bay rom inpatient units while at Alert Level 2
by
5.1 Services are advised to follow the guidance and protocols in place at their local District Health
Board (DHB) with respect to discharge of patients from hospital generally. It is not necessary
to apply differen
released t standards or protocols for mental health patients. If there is uncertainty
is
about the discharge of a particular patient this should be escalated within local DHB
management structures.
document
6. Court hearings under the Mental Health Act
This
6.1 Services should familiarise themselves with the protocols for District Court proceedings during
the different COVID-19 Alert Levels which are available on the District Courts website at:
https://www.courtsofnz.govt.nz/publications/announcements/covid-19/court-protocols
6.2 Services are expected to follow the directions of judges presiding in relation to the use of AVL
and should assist patients to access AVL technology for participation in hearings. This includes
assisting them to set up and access AVL devices, in which case proper physical distancing
protocols should be complied with.
5
6.3 There may be times when a judge directs that aspects of a hearing other than examinations,
assessments and reviews of the patient take place by audio teleconference technology. In
these instances, services must fol ow the direction of the judge.
7. District inspector and lawyer access to patients
7.1 With respect to the ability for a district inspector or lawyer to have access to a patient, the
expectation under Alert Level 2 is that such access will generally occur in person. However,
meeting via AVL technology or telephone (depending on the patient’s preference) will
continue to be acceptable if that is the patient’s preference or if an in-person meeting is not
practicable or safe.
request.
7.2 If a remote meeting is to take place, the service must ensure a process is in place to enable
Act
private and confidential conversations between a district inspector, or lawyer, and a patient.
This may be accomplished by setting up an AVL or phone call in a private room that the
patient can use for the purpose of the conversation.
7.3 Proper physical-distancing protocols must be maintained during in-person meetings.
Information
8. Access to family/whānau
Official
an
8.1 Every patient is entitled, at reasonable times and intervals, to receive
to visitors and make
telephone cal s. This right (section 72 of the Mental Health Act) can only be limited where the
responsible clinician considers that such visits or calls would be detrimental to the patient’s
interests and to his or her treatment.
a response
8.2 Under Alert Level 2, inpatient services should implement
of policies that allow visits from
support people to the ward, with appropriate limits, co
part ntrols and physical distancing protocols
in place.
https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/dis
as
eases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-
coronavirus/covid-19-current-situation/health-and-disability-services-alert-level-2
Board
8.3 However, AVL wil remain a useful way for patients to connect with their family/whānau,
especially if the circumstances make in-pe
Health rson visits impracticable or contrary to COVID-19
alert level restrictions, for example if the family/whānau live outside the area or are
considered part of a vulnerable popu
District lation.
9. Respect for cultural identity
Plenty
of
9.1 Sections 5 and 65 of the Mental Health Act require services to ensure the powers they use
when assessing and tr
Bay eating a patient or proposed patient are exercised in a manner that
by
shows respect for the person’s cultural identity.
9.2 It is critical for services to ensure access to necessary cultural assessments and supports is not
unduly hindered
released by COVID-19 alert level restrictions. Cultural assessments and access to key
is
cultural support workers or kaumātua, should be facilitated through AVL or audio
teleconference technology where an in-person attendance is not practicable.
document
10. Inquiries and visitations by district inspectors under sections 95, 96, and 97 of the
This Mental Health Act
10.1 Under Alert Level 2, it is preferable that district inspectors conduct activities related to
inquiries and visitations under sections 95 and 96 of the Act in person, provided that physical
distancing can be maintained.
6
10.2 If the requirements of Alert Level 2 cannot be maintained during an in-person attendance,
inquiries and visitations under sections 95 and 96 of the Mental Health Act may be met by
video or audio-conference technology if the District Inspector is satisfied that they can
conduct a visit using AVL means. If a district inspector requests to make a remote (AVL) inquiry
or visitation the Director of Area Mental Health Services should assist in ensuring this occurs.
10.3 Services are advised to make all registers and records required by a district inspector under
section 97 of the Mental Health Act accessible electronically wherever possible. This will
reduce the need for district inspectors to attend in person and help reduce the movement in
and out of wards.
10.4 Please note that as the provisions of sections 95 and 96 are an important protection of patient
rights services
must facilitate a visit by a District Inspector by AVL means if an in-person visit is
request.
not possible.
Act
11. District inspectors as essential services
11.1 District inspectors have been determined to provide an essential service under the umb
Information rella
of DHB essential services and are therefore permitted to travel as needed at al alert levels to
carry out their functions.
Official
an
11.2 District inspectors are advised to carry their official district inspector
to identification with them
when traveling for the purposes of district inspector activities. If a district inspector has not
yet received their official identification, they are advised to carry a hard-copy of the letter of
appointment to the role of district inspector. An official let
a ter iden
response tifying them as an essential
service worker during COVID-19 is not required.
of
part
12. Section 52 leave during COVID-19
as
12.1 The COVID-19 pandemic emergency has given cause to review the use of leave under section
52 of the Mental Health Act.
Board
12.2 Alert Level 2 allows a continuation of leave on hospital grounds, and a cautious return to the
use of leave in the community for recovery
Health and rehabilitative purposes, where it is both safe
and practicable to do so. Forensic Mental Health Services should consider leave plans on a
District
case by case basis, balancing the risks related to COVID-19 as well as safety risks with the
patient’s recovery and rehabilitation needs. A blanket approach to leave eligibility will not be
Plenty
acceptable.
of
12.3 Leave plans should inc
Bay lude details of how COVID-related requirements such as physical
distancing will be m
by aintained.
12.4 Leave outside of the region wil generally continue to be restricted, unless for special
circumstances (such as an emergency medical transfer or for compassionate reasons such as
released
close fam
is ily/whānau bereavements).
12.5 When considering applications for new section 52 leave, the Director of Mental Health will
continue to prioritise granting applications for the purposes of urgent medical treatment, or
document
other urgent needs/special circumstances, and where COVID-19 related concerns can be
This adequately managed.
12.6 However, rehabilitation leave applications will also be considered during Alert Level 2.
13. Patients currently on ful section 52 overnight leave
13.1 The usual procedure requires a Special Patient on section 52 overnight leave to return to
hospital to stay overnight after being out of hospital for six nights (6:1 leave category). The
patient is assessed the fol owing day and, if deemed to be safe, they are granted another
period of leave for a further seven days.
7
link to page 40
13.2 In order to ensure service continuity and minimise the risk of infection for patients and staff
under Alert Level 2, it is necessary to continue the approach adopted under Alert Levels 3 and
4.
13.3 Under this approach, the patient returns to the hospital
1 for a full assessment by the
responsible clinician and case manager or another member of the care team. The patient
should be admitted overnight when it is clinical y indicated. However, the patient may return
to the community on the same day, provided:
• the patient is compliant with leave conditions
• their mental state is stable
• there are no safety issues of concern, they could then be granted leave for a further
period of seven days.
request.
13.4 This approach would require the Director of Area Mental Health Services and Clinical Direc
Act tor
of the service to think about where in the hospital, or on hospital grounds, would be the safest
place for the return and assessment to take place while still maintaining physical distancing
requirements.
Information
13.5 Please note that it is not possible to dispense with the return to hospital as that would in
effect give the patient a form of Ministerial Long Leave.
Official
an
to
14. Police assistance for people with acute mental health needs
14.1 Services may call on police to assist when a person refuses to attend a health facility or other
location for the purposes of mental health assessment, or if
a response
there are threats or acts of
violence. As always, Police and health staff need to work
of together to make decisions on a case
by case basis, taking into the account a person’s needs
part and any clinical safety risks, as well as
COVID-19 physical distancing requirements. Police
as have protocols for attending a known
COVID-19 address which will apply to the assistance they are able to provide.
Board
15. Police and duly authorised officer transport of patients and proposed patients
Health
15.1 Services may request police assistance for transportation of a patient or proposed patient for
assessment or compulsory treatmen
District t.
15.2 If the patient or proposed patient is being transported from a known COVID-19 address, or is
suspected of having COVID-19,
Plenty police will follow their guidance regarding contact and
of
personal protective equipment (PPE) issued by New Zealand Police.
15.3 If a duly authorised offic
Bay er (DAO) is needed, they should attend in person, unless it is not
by
practicable to do so. See section 3 for guidance on considerations of practicability and best
interest in relation to decisions about in-person or AVL attendance.
15.4 When present in
released person, a DAO must maintain the required physical distancing unless they
is
have the required PPE. As a result, while DAOs typically ride in a car with police and a patient
or proposed patient during transport, at this time DAOs are expected to use their own vehicle
in con
document voy with the police transport, unless physical distancing can be maintained in the
vehicle being used to transport the patient.
This
15.5 Where transportation is necessary for further assessment, it is important to consider the
clinical safety requirements relating to transportation. DAOs must discuss with the Police such
things as the person’s clinical condition, the potential for violence, the need for restraint, the
type of vehicle available and the distance to be travelled.
1 Remembering that from previous Court rulings, this includes the grounds that the hospital is on.
8
16. Mental Health Review Tribunal hearing
16.1 The Mental Health Review Tribunal has previously developed policies for conducting
hearings under Alert Levels 3 and 4 (dated 24 March 2020) and 1 and 2 (dated 4 June 2020). These
are available on our website under Mental Health Review Tribunal resources. For any questions
about how hearings will operate not addressed by this guidance, please contact the Tribunal
secretariat on 0800 114 645 or email [email address].
request.
Act
Robyn Shearer
John Crawshaw
Information
Deputy Director-General
Director of Mental Health and Addiction Services
Mental Health and Addiction
Mental Health and Addiction
Official
an
to
a response
of
part
as
Board
Health
District
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of
Bay
by
released
is
document
This
9
Document Outline
- Personal Protective Equipment Information
- Cleaning
- Appendix 3 - Infection Prevention and Control - Interim Guidance for DHB Acute Care Hospitals.pdf
- Appendix 6 - Advice on compulsory assessment and treatment processes for mental health services during COVID-19 Alert Level 2.pdf